Unit 4

Question 1

biceps brachii

Answer 1

thick, two-headed muscle in the anterior upper arm

Question 2

myocele

Answer 2

protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the surrounding fascia

Question 3

dystonia

Answer 3

abnormal muscle tone that impairs voluntary muscle movement

Question 4

dyskinesia

Answer 4

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement (a tic or spasm)

Question 5

fasciitis

Answer 5

inflammation of a fascia

Question 6

fibromyalgia syndrome

Answer 6

debilitating chronic condition w/fatigue, muscle/bone/joint pain

Question 7

hernia

Answer 7

internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle

Question 8

sarcopenia

Answer 8

loss of muscle mass, strength, and functioning

Question 9

ergonomics

Answer 9

study of the human factors that affect design and operation of tools and work environment

Question 10

spasmodic torticollis

Answer 10

stiff neck from spasmodic contraction of neck muscles

Question 11

bradykinesia

Answer 11

extreme slowness in movement

Question 12

hyperkinesia

Answer 12

abnormally increased muscle function/activity

Question 13

myoparesis

Answer 13

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Question 14

myoclonus

Answer 14

sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Question 15

myorrhaphy

Answer 15

surgical suturing a muscle

Question 16

paraplegia

Answer 16

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

Question 17

quadriplegia

Answer 17

paralysis of all four extremities

Question 18

hemiplegia

Answer 18

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Question 19

myorrhexis

Answer 19

rupture or tearing of a muscle

Question 20

ataxia

Answer 20

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Question 21

tenodesis

Answer 21

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Question 22

tenosynovitis

Answer 22

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Question 23

atonic

Answer 23

lacking normal muscle tone/strength

Question 24

hypotonia

Answer 24

condition with diminished tone of skeletal muscles

Question 25

triceps brachii

Answer 25

thick three-headed muscle in the posterior upper arm

Question 26

abduction

Answer 26

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 27

adduction

Answer 27

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body

Question 28

adhesion

Answer 28

a band of fibrous tissue that is abnormally holding structures together

Question 29

atrophy

Answer 29

weakness or wearing away of body tissues/structures

Question 30

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 30

condition in which chronically overused tendons in the carpal tunnel become inflamed and swollen

Question 31

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 31

disorder of unknown cause that affects multiple body systems

Question 32

circumduction

Answer 32

circular movement at the far end of a limb

Question 33

contracture

Answer 33

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin caused by scarring or lack of use

Question 34

dorsiflexion

Answer 34

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Question 35

electromyography

Answer 35

diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Question 36

epicondylitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Question 37

exercise physiologist

Answer 37

specialist who develops and implements exercise programs

Question 38

ganglion cyst

Answer 38

harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs on the outer surface of the wrist

Question 39

heel spur

Answer 39

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near the calcaneus bone

Question 40

hemiparesis

Answer 40

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

Question 41

impingement syndrome

Answer 41

condition when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within shoulder joint

Question 42

insertion

Answer 42

muscle ends by attaching to bone or tendon

Question 43

intermittent claudication

Answer 43

pain in leg muscles during exercise but reduced w/rest

Question 44

myasthenia gravis

Answer 44

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction, producing serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Question 45

myofascial release

Answer 45

soft tissue manipulation technique to reduce pain in muscle tissue

Question 46

myolysis

Answer 46

degeneration of muscle tissue

Question 47

neuromuscular

Answer 47

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Question 48

nocturnal myoclonus

Answer 48

jerking of the limbs while a person falls asleep

Question 49

oblique

Answer 49

describes muscle fibers that are slanted or at an angle

Question 50

paralysis

Answer 50

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to nerve supply

Question 51

physiatrist

Answer 51

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation

Question 52

plantar fasciitis

Answer 52

inflammation of the thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of the foot

Question 53

polymyositis

Answer 53

muscle disease w/simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles

Question 54

pronation

Answer 54

rotating the arm/leg so that hand palm/foot sole is turned downward or backward

Question 55

range of motion testing

Answer 55

diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

Question 56

shin splint

Answer 56

injury to the body of the muscle or the attachment of a tendon

Question 57

singultus

Answer 57

involuntary jerking of the diaphragm causing spasms (hiccups)

Question 58

sphincter

Answer 58

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Question 59

sprain

Answer 59

injury to a joint usually caused by wrenched or torn ligament

Question 60

tenolysis

Answer 60

release of a tendon from adhesions

Question 61

tenorrhaphy

Answer 61

surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

Question 62

transverse

Answer 62

crosswise direction