Unit 4

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

How hereditary information is passed from parent to offspring, the genetic material is called chromosome which is made of wound up DNA and it’s found in the nucleus.

Question 2

Organización of DNA

Answer 2

DNA,Centromere,Chromosome and Nucleus.

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

Segmentos of DNA that hold the information to make a single protein, genes are passed from parents to offspring and they always come in pairs.

Question 4

Proteins

Answer 4

Long chains of amino acids, proteins make up what you look like.

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Genetic versions of a trait, one allele is inherited from the mother and one form the father.

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

Having two of the same alleles for a particular gene.

Question 7

Heterozygous

Answer 7

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

The genetic code or alleles present in an organism.

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Those genes that are seen in the outside.

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

Deoxyribose
Nucleic
Acid

Question 11

Four nitrogen bases of DNA

Answer 11

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 12

Steps in DNA replication

Answer 12

1.DNA double helix unzips and the base pairs separate
2.Free floating nucleotides form complementary base pairs with exposed DNA
A with T and C with G
3.New strands is zipped back up two exact copies

Question 13

RNA

Answer 13

Ribose
Nucleic
Acid

Question 14

RNA’s main role

Answer 14

To copy DNA’s message and bring it to the ribosomes to synthesize protein because DNA can’t leave the nucleus.

Question 15

Four nitrogen bases of RNA

Answer 15

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 16

Two types of mRNA

Answer 16

Messenger : Copies DNA’s message for a gene and “carries” it from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Transfer : Transports amino acids within the cytoplasm to the ribosome and links them together in the correct order to make a protein.

Question 17

Codon

Answer 17

Sequence of 3 mRNA bases that “code” for an amino acid.

Question 18

Comparison of DNA and RNA

Answer 18

Deoxyribose
Stays in nucleus
Double strand
T (thymine)

Question 19

Comparison of RNA and DNA

Answer 19

Ribose sugar
Goes to cytoplasm
Single strand
U (uracil)

Question 20

Both

Answer 20

A,G,C
Nucleic Acid
Made of nucleotides

Question 21

Transcripcion

Answer 21

1.DNA unzips
2.Free floating mRNA pairs with DNA
3.DNA zips up and mRNA leaves to the cytoplasm

Question 22

Translation

Answer 22

4.mRNA travels to the ribosome
5.Ribosome reads mRNA sequence
6.tRNA picks up amino acids acid from the cytoplasm
7.tRNA’s anticodon binds to the correct mRNA

Question 23

Shapes

Answer 23

Order of amino acids determine the shape of the protein and the shape determine the function of the protein.

Question 24

Organization

Answer 24

DNA sequence,mRNA sequence ,Amino Acid sequence and shape and function of protein

Question 25

Genetic testing

Answer 25

Comparing DNA to a known standard in order to diagnose a disease, solve a crime , or paternity testing.

Question 26

Amniocentesis

Answer 26

A technique in order to get a sample of a baby’s cells, a small sample of the amniotic fluid is drawn out of the uterus in order to retrieve the baby’s cells , MUST be done before any genetic testing.

Question 27

Karyotype

Answer 27

A diagram of 23 pairs of chromosomes that are lined up, used to check for abnormalities.

Question 28

How do we get a karyotype

Answer 28

During pregnancy doctors use a process called amniocentesis , amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus .Fetal cells are then removed and analyzed.

Question 29

Autosomal Chromosomes

Answer 29

Not a sex chromosome, chromosome numbers 1-22

Question 30

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 30

Chromosome pair #23, determines the sex of the offspring, two types X and Y, females have to X’s and appear as XX (homozygous) ,males have 1 X and Y and appear as XY(heterozygous).

Question 31

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 31

Separating different sized DNA fragments by passing them through a gel in an electrical field it’s used to solve crime ,paternity testing ,and diagnosing gene disorders , restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments.

Question 32

Steps in the electrophoresis

Answer 32

1.Restriction enzyme cuts sample at specific base sequence. 2.DNA is now cut into different sized fragments. Each person animal/living organism has a unique DNA sequence so the enzymes cut into different sizes. 3.Load sample onto _gel 4. Run fragments through gel to separate them. 5.1DNA (negatively charged) is pulled toward the - positive end. 6.Small fragments move faster and end up at the bottom of the gel. Large fragments get stuck and stay at the top of the gel.

Question 33

Cloning is an EXACT genetic copy

Answer 33

1.Cell taken from sheep you want to clone and nucleus is removed. 2.Egg cell taken from surrogate mom and nucleus is remuved. 3.Donor nucleus and egg call are fused. 4. Cell is stimulated to divide. 5.Embryo implanted into surrogate mom.

Question 34

What is biotechnology ?

Answer 34

Using biology for practical purposes (usually making things better)

Question 35

Selective breeding

Answer 35

Breeding of animals or plants to obtain desire results,picking the best traits. Ex.dogs,horses,corn

Question 36

Hybridization

Answer 36

Crossing two different organisms to obtain a new “species” with the traits of both parents. Ex. Liger= Lion + Tiger Mule=Horse + donkey

Question 37

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 37

Combining DNA from two different organisms.

Question 38

Recombinant DNA

Answer 38

DNA that contains a portion of DNA from another species 1.Enzymes cut 2 pieces of DNA 2.Enzymes are used to link the 2 pieces together.

Question 39

What are some applications of genetic engineering

Answer 39

Agriculture,industry,medicine.

Question 40

Are you passing??

Answer 40

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