Unit 4

Question 1

What is the nervous system made up of

Answer 1

brain
spinal cord
and nerves

Question 2

which system of the body does it connect with

Answer 2

endocrine system

Question 3

what does CNS mean and do

Answer 3

Central nervous system
- centre for incoming and outgoing information
- consisted of the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

what does PNS mean and do

Answer 4

peripheral nervous system
- sensory neurons that carry the information TO THE CNS
- AND motos neurons that carry information AWAY FROM CNS

Question 5

somatic vs autonomic

Answer 5

somatic: control muscles, bones, skin (voluntary)

autonomic: internal organs (involuntary)

Question 6

sympathetic vs parasympathetic

Answer 6

sympathetic: stress (fight or flight)

Parasympathetic: rest ( rest or digest )

Question 7

Neurons vs Glial Cells

Answer 7

Neurons: basic structural and functional unit.
- respond to stimulis, signals, chemicals
- DOES MOST WORK

Glial Cells: Most importwnt is SCHWANN CELLS. More glial cells than neurons
- they support, defend, and nourish neurons

Question 8

Structure of a neuron. name 6

Answer 8

• Dendrites
• axon
• axon bulb
• cell body
• glial cell schwann cell
• nodes of ranvier

Question 9

dendrites

Answer 9

• short branch terminals
• RECEIVE impulses from other neurons or sensory neurons, or impulse

Question 10

cell body (soma)

Answer 10

• contains the nucleus, side of metabolic reactions

Question 11

axon and axon bulbs

Answer 11

• conducts impulse AWAY from the cell body

Question 12

myelin sheat what does it do

Answer 12

• protects neurons that are myelinated
• speeds up rate of transmission

Question 13

shwann cells

Answer 13

• glial cells
• wrapped around the axon

Question 14

nodes of ranvier

Answer 14

• area between the sections of myelin sheath

Question 15

neurilemma

Answer 15

• thin membrane around axon
• helps fix neurons that are damaged
• found in PNS

Question 16

grey vs white myelinate

Answer 16

white is yes myelin ex) inside the brain
grey is no myelin ex) cerebrum cortex/outside of brain

Question 17

3 types of neurons. does it have schwann cells or no

Answer 17

1. Sensory. yes schwann
2. Interneuron. no schwann
3. Motor. yes schwann

Question 18

describe the action potential

Answer 18

1. Resting/ Polarized: -70 beginning
2. Depolarization: +40
   - Na+ enters the cytoplasm
3. Repolarization: -90
   - K+ leaves the cytoplasm and go to the extracellular

Question 19

what is a sodium potassium pump

Answer 19

• in the resting part of action potential
• when the cytoplasm is -90 it needs to go back to -70 which is restarting
• so the pomp is used to bring it back

Question 20

what is acetylcholine

Answer 20

• excites muscle cells causing depolarization
• when the cytoplasm becomes positive
• spike up

Question 21

cholinesterase

Answer 21

• enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
• prevents overstimulation

Question 22

name 4 important hormones and its use

Answer 22

1. dopamine: pleasure, feelings
2. serotonin: mood, apetite
3. endorphins: painkillers, pleasure
4. norepinephrine: attention, arousal, adrenaline

Question 23

stimulants vs depressants

Answer 23

stimulants: allows more neurotransmitter

depressants: less neurotransmitters

Question 24

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 24

• fluid in the head that protects the brain
• made in the lateral ventricle of the brain
• protect, lubricate, and absorb

Question 25

3 regions of the brain

Answer 25

1. hindbrain (behind) 2. midbrain (middle) 3. forebrain (front/top)

Question 26

cerebellum

Answer 26

control muscle coordination and balance

Question 27

medulla oblongata

Answer 27

controls involuntary activities

Question 28

pons

Answer 28

helps send info between cerebellum and cerebral cortex - manages pain signal

Question 29

midbrain

Answer 29

- receives sensorys - connects hindbrain to forebrain

Question 30

thalamus

Answer 30

- connects parts of the brain - relays infos from senses

Question 31

hypothalamus

Answer 31

- hormones - control HR, BP, TEMP, hunger, thirst, sexual desire - pituitary gland (produces hormones)

Question 32

frontal lobes

Answer 32

- thought, intelligence, memory, personality, voluntary muscle movement - BRONCAS AREA ( to talk, muscles for talking, translate thoughts and speech

Question 33

temporal lobes

Answer 33

- temple - hearing, understanding, smelling - WERNICKES AREA (stores language information and comprehension)

Question 34

BRONCAS AREA where

Answer 34

- frontal lobe ( to talk, muscles for talking, translate thoughts and speech

Question 35

wernickes area where

Answer 35

- temporal (stores language information and comprehension)

Question 36

parietal lobes

Answer 36

- sensory information from skin - body positions

Question 37

occipital lobes

Answer 37

- translating visual image or information

Question 38

corpus callosum

Answer 38

- nerves that connect the left and the right

Question 39

autonomic nerves

Answer 39

- involuntary nerves

Question 40

what controls the autonomic system

Answer 40

hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

Question 41

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 41

- fight or flight - active stress response - triggers adrenal glands to release hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 42

parasympathetic

Answer 42

- body is calm and resting - rest or digest - ex) slowing HR, BP, promotes digestion - uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter to control organ responses - stimulating so that it can be more calm

Question 43

dopamine

Answer 43

pleasure, feelings

Question 44

serotonin

Answer 44

. serotonin: mood, apetite

Question 45

endorphins

Answer 45

. endorphins: painkillers, pleasure

Question 46

norepinephrine

Answer 46

: attention, arousal, adrenaline

Question 47

what does neurotransmitters do

Answer 47

carry signals or messages from one neuron to another