unit 4 Flashcards
balkanization
fragmentation or the breakup of a region or country into smaller regions or countries
boundary disputes and types
boundary dispute: conflict of a boundary
Definitional: legally created boundary that may be different for each country
Locational: boundary is agreed upon but is unclear where one starts/ends
Operational: a boundary is agreed upon but the ruling of it is fought on
Allocational: when resources are near/on a boundary and countries cannot figure out who gets it
boundary process
Define: legal language
Delimit: drawn on a map
Demarcate: mark on landscape
Administrate: keep track and maintain
antecedent boundary
a boundary created before colonizers came and settled and cultural landscape was formed
relic boundary
a boundary that was once used but no longer is but still impacts cultural landscape; berlin wall
superimposed boundary
a boundary created by a foreign group of people, usually to benefit the people colonizing it; berlin conference (africa)
geometric boundary
boundary made that follows latitude and longitude lines
subsequent boundary
a boundary that develops at the same time as the cultural landscape forms; eastern europe
consequent boundary
boundary that forms due to religious, cultural, ethnic etc. differences; a type of subsequent boundary; usually due to a conflict; pakistan, ireland
buffer state
a state that lies between two powerful counties that are hostile towards eachother
colonialism
getting control of an area to occupy it and economically exploit it
imperialism
extending a countries power and influence by diplomacy or military force
nation state
a national within a state; the state is made up of the nation (japan)
multi-nation state
a state with multiple nations within it (US)
multi-state nation
a nation with multiple states within it
stateless-nation
a nation without an official government, boundary etc.
autonomous
a regional within a state that has autonomy (power and control); does not have 100% independence but is still flexible
sovereignty
the total power within a states boundaries
self-determination
desire/right of a nation to rule themselves; nations want this to protect their indentity
neo-colonialism
political, economic or cultural power to influence and or control another party; exploitation, dependency theory, goal is not to occupy the area but to get them to “like” you —> africa has a lot of neocolonialism for china because china is building roads, dams, decreasing loans they owe to china to make them more favorable in chinas eye —> eventually leads to a shift in world power to china
berlin conference
conference where europe split up africa to fit their own needs, boundaries were made and split up many africans of same descent/ethnicity/culture; created shares that were reliant on the european counterparts (was used to export resources from africa); an example of the dependency theory
territoriality
connection of people to their land (religion, culture, economic system) —> how people communicate their control of an area
choke point
an area that must be passed in order to get to another destination; usually for trade —> can cause major disruption within the economy if they are shut; countries that control them are extremely powerful (panama canal)
law of the sea
law that depicts how far from the coastline of a state does that state have ownership over things in the sea
territorial: 12 miles from coast
contagious: 24 miles from coast
EEZ: 200 miles from coast
the further you move from the coast, the less power the country has over you, the closer, the more they have
