unit 5

Question 1

intensive farming

Answer 1

farming that requires a small plot of land, more labor, more money, more machinery, located close to market because usually produce made in intensive farming are products that are perishable and transportation costs are high

Question 2

extensive farming

Answer 2

farming that is over a large plot of land, further from the market, less labor, cost less, and resources needed are less

Question 3

plantation agriculture

Answer 3

intensive; generally within an LDC (periphery), and production is likely for the core countries (MDC); large scale and focuses on a single crop type

Question 4

mixed crop and livestock

Answer 4

intensive; growing crops and also feeding livestock with that crop; usually in MDC, helps disperse work

Question 5

market gardening

Answer 5

intensive; crops produced to be shipped across the world, with the use of preservatives

Question 6

cash crops

Answer 6

crops grown to make money, not being eaten by the farmers (export)

Question 7

shifting cultivation (slash and burn)

Answer 7

extensive; burning shrubs to fertilize soil, typically done in areas were soil is not fertile from lack of sun,water etc.

Question 8

nomadic herding

Answer 8

extensive; nomads following around animals as they graze land

Question 9

ranching

Answer 9

extensive; raising livestock in a large plot of land, located in areas where farming is not suitable

Question 10

fallow

Answer 10

areas of farmable land that are intentionally left unplanted for a period of time to let it re-fertilize

Question 11

yield

Answer 11

amount of agriculture and crops that can be planted on the land

Question 12

settlement patterns

Answer 12

clustered: packed together
dispersed: spread throughout
linear: arranged in lines along roads, rivers, railroads etc

Question 13

longlot

Answer 13

connected to waterways for export and import (linear)

Question 14

metes and bounds

Answer 14

based on physical landscape

Question 15

township and range

Answer 15

follow latitude and longitude lines

Question 16

colombian exchange

Answer 16

how the idea of certain crops moved across the world, included disease, slave and livestock

Question 17

first agricultural revolution

Answer 17

neolithic revolution: biggest change in human history, when people stopped being nomadic and began settling down —> start of agriculture and growing crops

Question 18

second agricultural revolution

Answer 18

industrial revolution: involved new innovations and improvements in agricultural practices —> significantly increased productivity and efficiency
innovations included: seed drill and threshing machine
enclosure movement: where people took small farms (communal) and consolidated into large farms (private) —> increase profit

Question 19

third agricultural revolution

Answer 19

green revolution: significant increase in agricultural production from high yield crop production (hybrid seeds (cross breeding) chemical fertilizer, pesticides, and modern irrigation techniques
consequences: water depletion, environmental degradation, loss of agricultural diversity (monocropping), economic dependence

Question 20

monocropping

Answer 20

producing a single crop year after year, cuts cost and allows for more profit; using same nutrients from the soil —> stress on the soil/land

Question 21

biodiversity

Answer 21

variety of living things in a particular area

Question 22

subsistence farming

Answer 22

farming for family and local community, not making profit

Question 23

commercial farming

Answer 23

agricultural production with the intent of selling

Question 24

large-scale commercial farming

Answer 24

involves use of advanced technology to become highly productive and profitable

Question 25

commodity chain

Answer 25

process that goes into producing a product (planted, picked, processed, distribution, sale)

Question 26

linkage

Answer 26

connections between industries

Question 27

economies of scale

Answer 27

increase of company growth —> reduction of average cost to product products; the larger the company the more access they have to—> increases scale of production —> produce more at cheaper rates **spending more money but individual cost of the crop is decreasing

Question 28

carrying capacity

Answer 28

maximum number of something the environment can handle

Question 29

genetically modified organism

Answer 29

genetically altering crops/livestocks

Question 30

bid-rent theory

Answer 30

as you move closer to the market, land cost increases

Question 31

von thunen model

Answer 31

middle: CBD first ring: dairy production; quickly perishable, needs to be transported and refrigerated quickly second: forestry; heavy —> increase in cost of transportation third: crops and grain; light to transport, not perishable, extensive farming fourth: livestock ranching; non fertile land for agriculture, livestock can transport themselves though there is a increase in technology and this isn’t as accurate anymore, there are still some aspects of it that are mostly focused on profit

Question 32

supply chain

Answer 32

network of individuals involved in creating and selling of a product

Question 33

interdependence

Answer 33

mutual reliance in which each party depends on eachother

Question 34

commodity dependence

Answer 34

when a country has more than 60% of its total exports made up of just one commodity (food, natural resources, things being traded) can harm economy if something happened to that good

Question 35

community supported agriculture

Answer 35

consumers support local farmers

Question 36

organic farming

Answer 36

producing food without chemicals

Question 37

fair trading

Answer 37

trade between companies in developed countries and producers in LDC where the fair price is given to the producer

Question 38

value added crops

Answer 38

products that have been processed in a way to increase their overall value