Unit 4

Question 1

marbury v madison

Answer 1

supreme court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by ruling as unconstitutional part of the judiciary act of 1789

Question 2

embargo act of 1807

Answer 2

act passed by congress prohibiting american ships form leaving for any foreign port

Question 3

war hawks

Answer 3

members of congress predominantly from the south and west who aggressively pushed for a war against britain after their election in 1810

Question 4

battle of new orleans

Answer 4

decisive american war of 1812 victory over british troops in January 1815 that ended any british hopes of gaining control of the lower Mississippi river valley

Question 5

war of 1812

Answer 5

war fought between the united states and britain from june 1812 to january 1815 largely over british restrictions on american shipping

Question 6

treaty of ghent

Answer 6

signed in december 1814 between the united states and britain that ended the war of 1812

Question 7

monroe doctrine

Answer 7

declaration by president james monroe in 1823 that the western hemisphere was to be closed off to further european colonization and that the unites states would not interfere in the internal affairs of european nations

Question 8

era of good feelings

Answer 8

the period from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the federalists enabled the republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony

Question 9

missouri compromise

Answer 9

sectional compromise in congress in 1820 that admitted missouri to the union as a slave state and maine as a free state and prohibited slavery in the northern louisiana purchase territory

Question 10

black codes

Answer 10

laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people before the civil war

Question 11

denmark vessey’s conspiracy

Answer 11

the most carefully devised slave revolt in which rebels planned to seize control of the charleston in 1822 and escape to freedom in haiti, a free black republic, but they were betrayed by other slaves, and seventy-five conspirators were executed

Question 12

gabriel’s rebellion

Answer 12

slave revolt that failed when gabriel prosper, a slave preacher and blacksmith, organized a thousand slaves for an attack on richmond, VA in 1800

Question 13

gang system

Answer 13

the organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations

Question 14

nat turner’s rebellion

Answer 14

uprising of slaves in southampton country VA in the summer of 1831 led by nat turner that resulted in the death of 55 white people

Question 15

industrial revolution

Answer 15

revolution in the means and organization of production

Question 16

second great awakening

Answer 16

religious revival among black and white southerners in the 1790s

Question 17

yeoman farmer

Answer 17

independent farmers of the south most of whom lived on family sized farms

Question 18

nullification crisis

Answer 18

sectional crisis in the early 1830s in which a states’ rights party in SC attempted to nullify federal law

Question 19

democrats

Answer 19

political party formed in the 1820s under the leadership of andrew jackson; favored states rights and a limited role for the federal government

Question 20

indian removal act

Answer 20

president andrew jacksons measure that allowed state officials to override federal protection of native americans

Question 21

black hawk

Answer 21

1832 war in which federal troops and IL militia units defeated the faux and fox indians led by black hawk

Question 22

trail of tears

Answer 22

the forced march in 1838 of the cherokee indians from their homelands in GA to the indian territory in the west

Question 23

specie circular

Answer 23

proclamation issued by president andrew jackson in 1836 stipulating that only gold or silver could be used as payment for public land

Question 24

market revolution

Answer 24

the outcome of three interrelated developments: rapid improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization

Question 25

henry clay's american system

Answer 25

the program of government subsidies favored by henry clay and his followers to promote american economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers form foreign competition. also a technique of production pioneered in the united states that relies on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts

Question 26

putting-out system

Answer 26

production of goods in private homes under the supervision of a merchant who put out the raw materials paid a certain sum per finished piece and sold the completed item to a distant market

Question 27

declaration of sentiments

Answer 27

the resolutions passed at the seneca falls convention in 1848 calling for full female equality, including the right to vote

Question 28

seneca falls convention

Answer 28

the first convention for women's equality in legal rights, held in upstate New York in 1848

Question 29

temperance

Answer 29

reform movement originating in the 1820s that sought to eliminate the consumption of alcohol

Question 30

female moral reform society

Answer 30

antiprostitution group founded by evangelical women in NY in 1834

Question 31

shakers

Answer 31

the followers of mother ann lee who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living

Question 32

american colonization society

Answer 32

an organization founded in 1817 by the antislavery reformers that called for gradual emancipation and the removal of freed blacks to Africa

Question 33

liberty party

Answer 33

the first antislavery political party formed in 1840

Question 34

tammany society

Answer 34

a fraternal organization of artisans begun in the 1780s that evolved into a key organization of the new mass politics in NYC

Question 35

manifest destiny

Answer 35

doctrine first expressed in 1845 that the expansion of white americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by god

Question 36

oregon trail

Answer 36

overland trail of more than two thousand miles that carried american settlers form the midwest to new settlements in oregon cali and utah

Question 37

louisiana purchase

Answer 37

jefferson purchased louisiana territory from napoleons bonaparte for $15 million

Question 38

lewis and clark expedition

Answer 38

expedition ordered by jefferson to survey the louisiana territory and find an overland route to the pacific

Question 39

underground railroad

Answer 39

routes by which slaves left south to obtain freedom in north

Question 40

worcester v GA

Answer 40

john marshall ruled that cherokees could not be forcibly removed

Question 41

bank war over the second bank of the united states

Answer 41

The Bank War refers to the political struggle that developed over the issue of rechartering the Second Bank of the United States during the Andrew Jackson administration

Question 42

mormons

Answer 42

Mormons (Latter Day Saints) church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT.

Question 43

eli whitney

Answer 43

inventor of cotton gin

Question 44

samuel slater

Answer 44

opened first factory

Question 45

national road

Answer 45

The national road was the first highway built with entirely federal funds. Congress authorized the road in 1806 during the Jefferson Administration

Question 46

erie canal

Answer 46

It is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean It cut transport costs into what was then wilderness by about 90%. The Canal resulted in a massive population surge in western New York, and opened regions further west to increased settlement

Question 47

robert fulton

Answer 47

Robert Fulton was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called Clermont.

Question 48

lowell mills

Answer 48

employed women and children from farming backgrounds to work in factory

Question 49

transcendentalism

Answer 49

A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions.

Question 50

abolitionists

Answer 50

people against slavery

Question 51

william lloyd garrison

Answer 51

William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer

Question 52

grimke sisters

Answer 52

abolitionists

Question 53

union

Answer 53

workers formed these to improve conditions

Question 54

cult of domesticity

Answer 54

women should stay at home and be religious

Question 55

political machines

Answer 55

A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.