Unit 4 And 5 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
In animals, if not pregnant,the endometrium is
A
Reabsorbed by uterus
2
Q
During estrus, body temp
A
Increase
3
Q
Phases of estrus cycle
A
Pemda
Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus
Anestrus
4
Q
Proestrus duration
A
1 day to 3 weeks
5
Q
-One or several follicles of the ovary starts to
grow (depending on species)
Endometrial (lining starts to grow under
estrogen influence
What stage of estrus
A
Pro estrus
6
Q
Follicles are maturing and estrogen exert its biggest influence
A
Estrus
7
Q
Dominat follicle reaches its maximum,
growth, matures, & ovulates
A
Estrus
8
Q
Estrus stage wherein estrogen influence subsides and cl starts to form
A
Metestrus
9
Q
In metestrus, uterine lining begins to secrete small amounts of
A
progesterone
10
Q
During this phase, Cl produces progesterone
A
Diestrus
11
Q
If the animal is not pregnant in diestrus, it terminates w/ the regression of
A
Cl
12
Q
It is the most consistent period in the cycle
A
Diestrus
13
Q
In anestrus, melatonin regulates – release by hypothalamus
A
Gnrh
14
Q
Anestus is controllers
A
Light exposure
15
Q
Mammals that only cycle once a year and exhibit a long anestrus regardless of pregnancy status
A
Monoestrus
16
Q
Mammals that cycle repeatedly in a year until interrupted by pregnancy
A
Polyestrus
17
Q
Diestrus animal
A
Dog
18
Q
Polyesters animals
A
Cat, cow, sows
19
Q
Seasonally polyestrus animals ) short day breeders
A
Sheep and goat
20
Q
Long day breeders
A
Horses
21
Q
Estrus in cow lasts
A
6-30 hrs
22
Q
Conclusive sign that cow is in heat
A
Standing heat
23
Q
Metestrus in cow lasts
A
3-5 days
24
Q
Cows is capable of what type of bleeding during metestrus
A
Metestral bleeding where capillaries may break and result in small blood loss
25
Ovulation in cow
About 10-15 hours after end of estrus
26
It is the period of cl formation
Metestrus
27
Diestrus in cow lasts
12 days
28
In early part of cow diestrus, there is
Increased progesterone production
29
In diestrus,__ lyses the cl and initiates a return to estrus
PGF2A
30
No of follicular waves generated
Ewe and Cow:
mare:
Sow:
Doe:
Ewe and Cow: 2-3 waves
mare: 1-2 waves
Sow: 1 wave
Doe: 4 or 5 waves
31
Breeding season of horses
Summer
32
Anestrus season of horses
Late fall and winter
33
Estrus length in mares
5-7 days
Becomes shorter at the peak of cycling season
34
Ovulation in mare
1-2 days before end of estrus
35
Ovulation in mares
1-2 days before end of estrus
36
Ovulation in mares
1-2 days before end of estrus
37
In diestrus in mare' it is dominated by what hormone
Progesterone
38
Pins her ears back
Squeals, kicks, and strikes if the stallion approaches
What estrus phase is mare into?
Diestrus
39
In mare, FsH peaks during
Diestrus
40
Lh has a long half-life due to
Sialic acid residues
41
There is no metestrus or proestrus in what animal?
Mare
42
Ewe breed in --
Short day lengths
43
Ewe cycle or come into heat every
17 days
44
--- inhibits the secretion of the Gnrh from the hypothalamus and lh and Fsh from ant. Pit. Gland
Melatonin
45
It decreases motor activity, induces fatigue and lowers body temperature
Melatonin
46
Lactational anestrus occur until after
Weaning
47
Sow is insemenated --- after onset of standing heat
12-26 his
48
Behavioral estrus last -- in sows
2-3 days
49
Owlation occurs when in sow
After near the end of behavioral estrus
50
Animal that displays homosexual tendencies
Cow
51
In cow when has higher frequency of mounting?
At night
52
Elevates her tail
Squats to urinate (breaking down)
Everts the clitoris (winking)
- Accepts the stallion for breeding
Guess what animal
Mare
53
Displays no signs of estrus if the male animal is not
present
Ewe
54
Flagging tail
Localization/ bleating
What animal in estrus?
Doe
55
Places her front quarters on the ground,
elevates her hind quarters and lifts her tail to
one side
When the dorsal caudal area is stroked, she will
tread with her hind legs
Dragster posture
56
Feline estrous cycle
Peida
Proestrus
Estrus
Interestrus
Diestrus
Anestus
57
Pro estrus in cats last
1-2 days
58
Estrus in cats length
3-16 days
59
Period between successive estrus in cats if no ovulation
Interestrus
60
If there is no ovulation in cats, cl formed and secretes
Progesterone
61
Hallmark of diestrus in cats
Elevated progesterone
62
Pseudopregnancy in cats lasts
35 to 40 days
63
Canine estrus cycle
Pema
Pro
Estrus
Met
An
64
Cells present in pro estrus
Large intermediate and superficial cells
65
Vulvar edema and swelling is observed in dog in what stage of estrus?
Pro estrus
66
During estrus there is presence of what cells?
90% superficial cells and bacteria is present
67
During diestsrus the uterine glands in dogs will undergo
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
68
Cells present in anestrus in dogs
Parabasal and intermediate cells
69
The dog's heat is interrupted and then
continued at a later time
Split heat
70
The bitch exhibits signs of pro-estrus with the
typical bleeding but once estrus approaches, signs of heat disappear for some time
Split heat
71
No external manifestations exist suggesting
that heat has occurred
Silent heat
72
The presence of a bitch in heat may stimulate the
heat cycle in other bitches
lost
Induced estrus
73
Youngest cells of vaginal epithelium
Basal cells
74
Smallest among the vaginal epithelium cells
Parabasalcells
75
Cells that has high n/c ratio, round nucleus, and basophilic cytoplasm
Para basal cells
76
Oldest vaginal cells having small pyknotic nuclei
Cytoplasm is abundant, blue-green, and keratinized
Superficial cells
77
- Vary in size but are usually two times the size of parabasal cells N/C ratio is decreased
Have large amounts of blue-green, keratinized cytoplasm
Borders round to irregular & folded
Intermediate cells
78
Vaginal cytology stains
Romanowsky
stains
(Wright,
Giemsa,
Eishman, Diff-Quik)
New methylene blue
Toluidine blue
Papanicolaou stain
Hematoxyline and eosin (H&E)
79
The process of the gradual transformation of germ cells into spermatozoa
Spermatogenesis
80
Site of spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules
81
A cell that will be develop into sperm
Germ cell
82
It nurtures the germ cell throughout the development process
Somatic or sertoli cells
83
Spermatogenic cells that rest on the basement membrane
Spermatogonia
84
Located in the middle of the seminiferous tubules
Spermatocytes
85
Located in the adluminal region
Spermatids
86
Phases of spermatogenesis
Pmd
Proliferative phase
Meiotic phase
Differentiation phase
87
Phase that takes place in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
Proliferative phase or spermatocytogenesis
88
Spermatogonia undergo several mitotic divisions with the last division resulting in primary spermatocytes
Proliferative phase
Spermatocytogenesis
89
Types of spermatogonia found in the basal compartment
Spermatogonia A
Spermatogonia intermediate
Spermatogonia B
90
Meiotic phase takes place in
Adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
91
Reduction of the number of chromosomes
in the gamete in half (from diploid to the
haploid state)
Meiotic phase
92
Longest lifespan of all sperm cell
Spermatocytes
93
Short lived cells
Secondary spermatocytes
94
Differentiation or spermiogenesis takes place in the
Adluminal compartment
95
During differentiation, - -- are formed
Acrosome and flagellum is formed and cells become potentially motile.
96
It is non-motile, round, non - specialized
Spermatid
97
It is motile, elongate, specialized components, special surface molecules.
Spermatozoa
98
Phases of spermiogenesis
Gcam
Golgi.
Cap
Acrosomal
Maturation
99
Phase wherein acrosomic vesicle spreads over the nucleus of the round spermatid and flagellum starts to form
Cap
100
Acrosomic vessicle formation
Golgi phase
101
The spermatid nucleus and cytoplasm elongates, acrosome covers the majority of the anterior nucleus
Acrosomal phase
102
Mitochondria is assembled around the flagellum and the flagellum is completely formed
Maturation
103
Sperm head contains
Nucleus, acrosome, post nuclear cap, plasma membrane cell
104
Part of the head of sperm that is located below acrosome and lateral to nucleus
Post nuclear cap
105
It is a bag of enzymes used to help sperm enter egg
Acrosome
106
It is the attachment of the head to the tail
Capitulum
107
It provides energy to move axial filaments
Mitochondria
108
•largest part of the tail and provide motility to the
sperm
of middle piece
Principal piece
109
It is a progression through a complete series
of cellular associations (stages) at one location
along the seminiferous tubule.
Seminiferous Epithelium Cycle
110
Seminiferous Epithelium Cycle duration
Bull -13.5
Ram - 10.4
Stallion- 12.2
Boar - 8.3
Bull -
Ram -
Stallion-
Boar -
111
Spermatogenesis IS controlled by a complex feedback mechanism involving the'
Hypothalamus' anterior pg and testes
112
Testosterone and estradiol feedback upon the
hypothalamus causing a slow down in the release
of GnRH, which results in a
Reduced output of Fsh and Lh
113
Glands and their respective hormones
-Hypothalamic hormone:
-Anterior pituitary:
-Testes:)
Hypothalamic hormone: GnRH
-Anterior pituitary: LH and FSH
-Testes: testosterone (Leydig cells) and estradiol &
inhibin (Sertoli cells)
114
Hormone that acts on Leydig cells
Lh
115
A hormone that stimulates the production of testosterone
Lh
116
Hormone that Acts on the Sertoli cells
Fsh
117
Stimulate spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function-
Fsh
118
In the Sertoli cells...... is responsible for activation of
aromatase enzyme for conversion of testosterone into estradiol
Fsh
119
Produced by sertoli cells
negatively feeds back on
the
anterior
pituitary to selectively suppress FSH
Inhibin
120
In the Sertoli cells: bound by androgen binding
protein and taken into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule, for transport to the epididymis
What hormone?
Testosterone
