unit 4 b

Question 1

race

Answer 1

Used to categorize people who share some
biological traits that a society thinks are important

dont have scientific bases

Question 2

Ethnicity

Answer 2

Individuals who share a cultural and historical
heritage that a society thinks is important

Everybody belongs to one
* Not necessarily related to race, or to physical
traits
* Elements: language, religions, shared values,
history, common ancestors

Question 3

Minority: racial, ethnic

Answer 3

Group of people with physical traits and/or with a shared
culture that are socially disadvantaged

➢They have a distinctive identity
➢They have a subordinated position with respect to the
“majority”: lower rent, less prestigious jobs…

Question 4

Stereotype

Answer 4

distorted, oversimplified image
(cognitive bias), inspired by prejudices about a
category of people. Difficult to change even when
facts contradict it. (Often used against minorities)

Question 5

Prejudice

Answer 5

: rigid and irrational attitudes (emotional
bias) towards a category of people (usually
negative). Based on beliefs and feelings,
independent from objective facts.
E.g., against people of different ethnicity, ideology,
sexual orientation…

Question 6

Racism

Answer 6

Intense prejudice, believing that one “race” is by nature
superior to another
xenophobia

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

Treating people different according to
the category to which they belong
(according to the viewer)

Question 8

Institutional
Discrimination

Answer 8

Routines and practices of an
institution of society (companies,
labor market, schools, public
administration…) that reinforce
prejudices and discrimination, even if
it is not their purpose.
Sometimes harder to notice

Question 9

Multiculturalism

Answer 9

• Recognizes that new groups with different cultures
  have collective rights and spaces to develop their
  cultural activities. It only requires acceptance of a
  common legal framework and constitutional loyalty.
• Risks: little communication between cultures;
  asymmetry; can perpetuate discrimination…

Question 10

Interculturalism

Answer 10

As a possible alternative:
✓respects multiculturalism actively, but also promotes
appreciation, communication, and interaction among
cultures
✓applying positive discrimination, if necessary, to promote
equality of opportunities
✓allows cultural development and respect for each group,
but also permeability…