Unit 4: Blood Supply Of The Spinal Cord And Brain Pg 145 - 152

Question 1

Brain is _% of body weight

Answer 1

2

Question 2

Brain requires _% cardiac output

Answer 2

17

Question 3

Brain consumes _% oxygen used by entire body

Answer 3

20

Question 4

30 seconds without blood in the brain =

Answer 4

Metabolism is altered

Question 5

60 seconds without blood in the brain =

Answer 5

Neuronal function may cease

Question 6

5 minutes without blood in the brain =

Answer 6

Cerebral infarction may occur

Question 7

Ischemia, if untreated, can do what to the brain

Answer 7

Soften and liquefy (liquefactive necrosis)

Question 8

A condition with an abrupt onset of neurological deficits caused by ischemia or hemorrhage in brain tissue as a result of vascular disease

Answer 8

Stroke

Causes of vascular lesion: arterial occlusion, cerebral arterial hemorrhage, aneurysm

Question 9

Paired arteries found along most of the length of the spinal cord

Answer 9

Posterior spinal arteries

Question 10

Posterior spinal arteries exit cranial vault through what foramen?

Answer 10

Foramen magnum

Question 12

Generally unpaired arteries found along most of the length of the spinal cord

Answer 12

Anterior spinal artery

Question 13

From the arterial vasa corona, branches are given off to supply the cord:

Answer 13

Sulcus branches — enter v-m fissure and supply deep cord areas

Penetrating branches — supply peripheral parts of the cord and deep parts of the spinal cord

Question 14

Spinal arteries supply small branches into the pia that form the ___ around the spinal cord

Answer 14

Arterial vasa corona

Question 15

Blood of anterior spinal origin supplies 2/3 of anterior cord, including grey matter areas:

Answer 15

Ventral horn
Lateral horn
Intermediate zone

Question 16

Blood of anterior spinal origin supplies 2/3 of anterior cord, including white matter areas:

Answer 16

Ventral funiculus

Lateral funiculus

Question 17

Blood of posterior spinal arteries supply the posterior 1/3 of the cord including which gray and white matter areas?

Answer 17

Most of dorsal horn

Dorsal funiculus

Question 18

Segmental arteries (e.g., vertebral, intercostal, lumbar) give rise to

Answer 18

Spinal branches of segmental arteries

Question 19

Spinal branches of segmental arteries enter vertebral canal through what?

Answer 19

IVF

Question 20

Spinal branches of segmental arteries give off dorsal and ventral branches called:

Answer 20

Anterior radicular arteries and posterior radicular arteries

Question 21

Anterior and posterior radicular arteries travel along:

Answer 21

Associated rootlets fo spinal nerves (either anterior/ventral or dorsal/posterior)

Question 22

Radicular arteries are small and supply

Answer 22

Nerve rootlets

Question 23

Some radicular arteries are large and anastomoses with

Answer 23

Anterior or posterior spinal arteries

Note: 9-12 anterior radicular arteries join the anterior spinal artery

Note: 14 total posterior radicular arteries join the posterior spinal arteries

Question 24

Most large radicular arteries are in what parts of the spinal cord

Answer 24

Lower cervical, lower thoracic and upper lumbar

Question 25

Vertebral arteries give rise to 3 branches:

Answer 25

Anterior spinal artery (medially)

Posterior spinal arteries (medial and inferiorly)

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery — or PICA (superiorly and laterally)

Question 26

PICA supplies what part of the cerebellum and what part of the medulla?

Answer 26

Posterior-inferior cerebellum Medullary branches to dorsolateral medulla

Question 27

Occlusion of PICA (or vertebral artery or medullary branches of PICA) can result in

Answer 27

Lateral medullary syndrome aka Wallenberg’s syndrome (review pg. 45 of note packet)

Question 28

Branches of the basilar artery from inferior to superior:

Answer 28

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery — AICA Internal auditory artery = labyrinthine artery Pontine arteries (supply basilar pons) Superior cerebellar arteries **CN III** Posterior cerebral arteries Posterior communicating arteries (vertical, communicate with internal carotid aa)

Question 29

What artery travels through internal acoustic meats to supply auditory and vestibular receptors of the inner ear?

Answer 29

Internal auditory artery

Question 30

Occlusion of Internal auditory artery?

Answer 30

Deafness on affected side and vestibular dysfunction

Question 31

Pontine arteries supply

Answer 31

Basilar pons

Question 32

Superior cerebellar arteries supply

Answer 32

Superior surface cerebellum and SCPs

Question 33

Posterior cerebral arteries are terminal branches of

Answer 33

Basilar artery

Question 34

What artery passes around midbrain, superior to the tentorium cerebellum and along the medial and inferior surface of the temporal and occipital lobes? Note: recall from gross II that the tentorium cerebelli is the shallow tent-like shape of the faux cerebri. The tentorium cerebelli intervenes between occipital lobes and cerebellum.

Answer 34

Posterior cerebral arteries

Question 35

Posterior cerebral arteries supply what structures:

Answer 35

Base of cerebral peduncle

Question 36

Occlusion of base of cerebral peduncle leads to

Answer 36

Posterior thalamus Tectum of midbrain Posterior corpus callous Inferior surface of temporal lobe including hippocampus Medial and inferior surface of the occipital lobe A strip of temporal and occipital cortex along the lateral surface

Question 37

Lesion of the primary visual cortex leads to

Answer 37

Cortical blindness on contralateral side | Contralateral homonymous heminopsia

Question 38

Posterior communicating arteries connects what 2 arteries?

Answer 38

Posterior cerebral artery and internal carotid artery

Question 39

What arteries traverse the cavernous sinuses and approach the brain just lateral to the optic chiasm?

Answer 39

Internal carotid arteries

Question 40

Internal carotid arteries branches include:

Answer 40

Hypophyseal branches Opthalmic artery Anterior choroid always artery Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery

Question 41

What artery supplies corpus callous, Cingular gyrus, cortex of medial surface parietal lobes, medial and inferior surface of the frontal lobe including the olfactory bulbs and tracts

Answer 41

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 42

Occlusion of Anterior cerebral artery results in

Answer 42

Deficits in contra lower extremity: — loss of somatosensation — spastic paralysis of contra lower extremity — urinary incontinence

Question 43

What artery travels along optic tract?

Answer 43

Anterior choroidal artery

Question 44

What artery supplies uncut, amygdala, optic tract, some hippocampus, some LGB of thalamus?

Answer 44

Anterior choroidal artery

Question 45

The middle cerebral artery enters the lateral sulcus to give rise to:

Answer 45

Lenticulostriate arteries

Question 46

Lenticulostriate arteries supply:

Answer 46

Corpus striatum | Much of internal capsule

Question 47

Occlusion of internal capsule

Answer 47

Various sensory and motor disturbances

Question 48

The middle cerebral artery supplies functional areas that include:

Answer 48

▫ auditory cortex (primary and associative) ▫ primary motor - except for lower extremity and trunk ▫ premotor - including frontal eye field (FEF) ▫ primary somatosensory except for lower extremity and trunk ▫ in the dominant hemisphere - sensory and motor language centers

Question 49

Occlusion of middle cerebral artery can result in:

Answer 49

— slight decrease in hearing in both ears — spastic paralysis of contralateral upper extremities and muscles of facial expression on contralateral ½ face (and maybe tongue) — loss of voluntary gaze to the contralateral side — loss of somatosensation of contralateral upper extremity and contralateral face

Question 50

What arteries make up the cerebral arterial circle of Willis?

Answer 50

``` — anterior communicating artery — anterior cerebral arteries — internal carotid arteries — posterior communicating arteries — posterior cerebral arteries ```

Question 51

What is the clinical significance of the cerebral arterial circle of Willis?

Answer 51

With occlusion of one ore more arteries in the circle, there may be some alteration of blood flow from one of the anastomosing vessels