Unit 4 - Cell Membrane Transport

Question 1

the ____ _____ model is used to describe the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 1

fluid mosaic

Question 2

a form of endocytosis where smaller substances are brought into the cell by forming vessicles at the cell membrane

Answer 2

pinocytosis

Question 3

___ transport via proteins requires no energy input

Answer 3

facilitated transport

Question 4

what is facilitated transport

Answer 4

it utilizes carrier or channel proteins in a cell membrane to control passage of molecules in and out of a cell

Question 5

the _____ gland requires the active transport of iodine out of the blood and into its cells

Answer 5

thyroid

Question 6

a meme brand is said to be _____ permeable if it lets some things pass through it, but does not allow other things to pass

Answer 6

selectively

Question 7

the movement of a vacuole out of the cell

Answer 7

exocytosis

Question 8

a homogeneous mixture where on substance is dissolved into another

Answer 8

a solution

Question 9

a type of endocytosis where larger substances are brought into the cell by forming vacuoles at the cell membrane

Answer 9

phagocytosis

Question 10

receptor-_____ endocytosis occurs when a substance binds to a receptor protein and causes another substance to be taken into the cell via vessicle formation

Answer 10

receptor-mediated

Question 11

active transport is able to move molecules ____ the concentration gradient

Answer 11

against

Question 12

if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what may occur?

Answer 12

plasmolysis

Question 13

if an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what may occur?

Answer 13

crenation

Question 14

when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what may occur

Answer 14

lysis

Question 15

the sodium / potassium pump is found in large numbers in these kind of cells

Answer 15

nerve

Question 16

carrier proteins are ___ meaning they only carry one type of particle

Answer 16

specific

Question 17

refers to a solution that is less concentrated when compared to another solution

Answer 17

hypotonic

Question 18

the substance that does the dissolving in a solution

Answer 18

solvent

Question 19

____ sized molecules tend to produce a higher rate of diffusion

Answer 19

smaller

Question 20

____ proteins catalyze chemical reactions on the cell membrane

Answer 20

enzymatic

Question 21

____ proteins cause a change to the cell meme brand when a specifically shaped molecule binds it binding sit

Answer 21

receptor

Question 22

how does size affect the permeability of a molecule

Answer 22

Heavier particles will move more slowly and so will have a slower rate of diffusion. Smaller particles on the other hand will diffuse faster because they can move faster.

Question 23

what is the concentration gradient

Answer 23

The difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas is called the concentration gradient . The bigger the difference, the steeper the concentration gradient and the faster the molecules of a substance will diffuse.

Question 24

what creates a concentration gradient

Answer 24

A concentration gradient is generated by diffusion between two regions where the concentration of a substance differs;

Question 25

how does the charge of a molecule affect its permeability

Answer 25

The plasma membrane is virtually impermeable against larger, uncharged polar molecules and all charged molecules including ions.

Question 26

how can a charged molecule move through a plasma membrane

Answer 26

It is possible for large molecules to enter a cell by a process called endocytosis,

Question 27

what are 3 ways to increase the rate of diffusion

Answer 27

1. increase the temperature 2. increase the concentration gradient 3. decrease the size of the particles

Question 28

what happens if a cell is placed in an isotonic solution

Answer 28

the cell will remain the same size

Question 29

what happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 29

cell gains water, swells and may burst

Question 30

what happens if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 30

the cell will loose water, and the cell will shrink

Question 31

if an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what may occur

Answer 31

lysis

Question 32

if an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic

Answer 32

crenation

Question 33

what happens if a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 33

plasmolysis

Question 34

what occurs when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 34

turgor pressure

Question 35

what are three types of active transport

Answer 35

active transport, exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 36

what are three types of passive transport

Answer 36

diffusion, facilitated transport and osmosis

Question 37

which group do steroids belong to?

Answer 37

lipids

Question 38

what is the relation between hypertonic and hypotonic (travel direction)

Answer 38

hypotonic travels to hypertonic

Question 39

why does hypotonic solutions diffuse to hypertonic

Answer 39

to dilute the hypertonic solution to become isotonic

Question 40

what process moves against the concentration gradient

Answer 40

active transport

Question 41

what process moves with the concentration gradient

Answer 41

passive transport

Question 42

what is the job of a membrane

Answer 42

the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell.

Question 43

what are the job of proteins in the membrane

Answer 43

as carrying nutrients across the plasma membrane, and receiving chemical signals from outside the cell

Question 44

what is the job of the glycoproteins

Answer 44

Glycoproteins function in the structure, reproduction, immune system, hormones, and protection of cells and organisms.

Question 45

what is a job of glycolipids

Answer 45

to maintain stability of the membrane and to facilitate cell–cell interactions.

Question 46

Are proteins molecules large or small?

Answer 46

largs

Question 47

what tonicity of a solution that a cell is placed into, has the water keep moving

Answer 47

isotonic

Question 48

what is the job of the thyroid gland

Answer 48

uses iodine from food to make thyroid hormones

Question 49

what does the thyroid gland store?

Answer 49

iodine molecule

Question 50

where is the sodium/potassium often found?

Answer 50

in nerve cells

Question 51

what substances can pace through lipid bilayer

Answer 51

lipid bilayer allows small, uncharged substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, and hydrophobic molecules such as lipids

Question 52

what process occurs when small particles move through the cell membrane pores

Answer 52

diffusion

Question 53

what happens during facilitated transport

Answer 53

small particles move with carrier proteins

Question 54

what is the process when water moves through membrane pores

Answer 54

osmosis

Question 55

what happens during active transport

Answer 55

materials move with a carrier molecule

Question 56

what happens during endocytosis

Answer 56

membrane engulfs material

Question 57

what happens during exocytosis

Answer 57

membrane expels materials

Question 58

what occurs during phagocytosis

Answer 58

larger chunks move into the cell

Question 59

what occurs during pinocytosis

Answer 59

water and small ions move into the cell

Question 60

what transport process can water move

Answer 60

osmosis

Question 61

what transport process can salt move

Answer 61

diffusion

Question 62

which two transport processes involve a vessicle

Answer 62

endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 63

on a fluid mosaic model, where would you find glycolipids

Answer 63

the carbohydrate chain attached to the phospholipids

Question 64

where would you find cholesterol in a cell membrane

Answer 64

between the phospholipids

Question 65

where would you find the protein channels? (pores)

Answer 65

by the globular proteins, the one with the middle carved out

Question 66

where would you find glycoproteins on the cell membrane?

Answer 66

it is the carbohydrate chain that is attached to a protein

Question 67

where would you find integral proteins

Answer 67

along the side, stretched from the top of the cell membrane to the bottom, similar looking to the globular protein

Question 68

what are the molecules that make up the inside of the cell membrane

Answer 68

hydrophobic phospholipids tails

Question 69

what are the molecules that make up the outside of cell membrane

Answer 69

hydrophilic phospholipids heads

Question 70

what does the zero line represent on a graph about osmosis

Answer 70

the concentration of the sample being placed in the solution