Unit 5 - Enzymes and Homeostasis

Question 1

what is the relationship between enzymes and catalyst

Answer 1

all enzymes are catalysts, but not all catalysts are enzymes as catalysts are something that speeds up a chemical reaction.

Question 2

what are 4 ways to increase the reaction rate

Answer 2

temperature, surface area, concentration and use of a catalyst

Question 3

how does a catalyst increase reaction rate

Answer 3

it lowers the activation energy of the reactant

Question 4

how does temperature increase reaction rate

Answer 4

by increasing the temperature, it will increase reaction rate due to the increase of successful collisions between reactants

Question 5

how does increasing surface area work to increase reaction rate?

Answer 5

it will increase the amount of reactants that can react

Question 6

how does concentration increase a chemical reaction rate

Answer 6

by increasing the concentration, the amount of reactant that can react increases as well

Question 7

what is the suffix of an enzyme

Answer 7

-ase

Question 8

what makes up an enzyme?

Answer 8

an apoenzyme and a cofactor

Question 9

what is an apoenzyme?

Answer 9

a protein

Question 10

what makes up the cofactor of an enzyme

Answer 10

an inorganic ion (metal) or a organic (co enzyme)

Question 11

what are the hormones involved in negative feedback

Answer 11

The thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Question 12

what hormones are involved in positive feedback?

Answer 12

oxytocin

Question 13

where are instructions for proteins synthesis

Answer 13

DNA molecules found in nucleus

Question 14

what organelles are involved in protein synthesis

Answer 14

ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and nucleus

Question 15

what is homeostasis

Answer 15

the maintenance of equilibrium of the body’s internal environment in the face of changing conditions.

Question 16

why is homeostasis important

Answer 16

Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body, as well as all cell functions.

Question 17

how can an enzymes or protein denature?

Answer 17

high temperature, low or high pH, and heavy metals

Question 18

what is thyroxine job?

Answer 18

Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It plays vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones.

Question 19

what’s the difference between coenzymes and cofactors

Answer 19

Coenzymes are organic molecules and quite often bind loosely to the active site of an enzyme and aid in substrate recruitment, whereas cofactors do not bind the enzyme.

Question 20

what structure would an enzyme have to be for active site

Answer 20

enzymes need to be tertiary structure.

Question 21

what is a endocrine gland do

Answer 21

secretes hormones like hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, ovaries and tested directly into the blood

Question 22

what does a exocrine gland do?

Answer 22

secrete hormones like hypothalamus and pancreas into ducta

Question 23

what is it called when an enzyme combines with a substrate?

Answer 23

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 24

true or false:

enzymes can be used up during a chemical reaction

Answer 24

FALSE…. they do not get used up

Question 25

how many reactions can an enzyme control?

Answer 25

just one, as enzymes are specific

Question 26

what is a chemoreceptors and it’s job

Answer 26

it responds to chemical substances in the immediate vicinity including taste, smell, blood pH, and pain

Question 27

what are a photoreceptors job

Answer 27

to respond to light energy

Question 28

what is a pressaurerecptors job?

Answer 28

to detect changes in blood pressure

Question 29

what is a stretch receptors job

Answer 29

to detect the degree of lung inflation

Question 30

what is a thermoreceptors job?

Answer 30

to respond to warm and cold

Question 31

where are thermo receptors located?

Answer 31

hypothalamus and the skin

Question 32

what elements are important in a diet?

Answer 32

iodine

Question 33

what occurs during negative feedback

Answer 33

things like blood pressure, pH, and temperature are maintained by constantly increasing or decreasing hormones involved

Question 34

what occurs during positive feedback

Answer 34

hormones are consistently released and makes stimulus more intense

Question 35

what is the metabolic pathway

Answer 35

the pathway is a series of reactions, which begins with a particular reactant and terminate with an end product

Question 36

what will occur if an enzyme in the middle of a metabolic pathway stopped working

Answer 36

the products and or reactants which would normally be produced from the missing enzyme, would not function or be created

Question 37

what slows down the reaction rate?

Answer 37

denaturation, inhibition and temperature

Question 38

what is hydrolysis

Answer 38

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. (ab + water = a+b)

Question 39

what is dehydration synthesis

Answer 39

the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released. (a+b=ab + h2o)

Question 40

the thyroid gland produces what hormone

Answer 40

thyroxin

Question 41

what element is need to make the hormone produces from the thyroid

Answer 41

iodine

Question 42

what is the difference between peptide hormones and steroid hormones

Answer 42

steroid hormones can pass through the membrane freely while peptide hormones have to bind to a specific receptor protein

Question 43

what is an example of peptide hormones

Answer 43

insulin, oxytocin, and the growth hormone

Question 44

what is an example of steroid hormones

Answer 44

testosterone

Question 45

what is the area of the brain that monitors levels for enzymes

Answer 45

hypothalamus

Question 46

what is an allosteric site

Answer 46

The allosteric site is a site that allows molecules to either activate or inhibit (or turn off) enzyme activity.

Question 47

how is a allosteric site different from an active site

Answer 47

It's different than the active site on an enzyme, as it’s where substrates bind.

Question 48

what is inhibition

Answer 48

an inhibiting molecule controls, prevents, restrains, arrests, or regulates, as in “to inhibit an action”.

Question 49

what occurs during inhibition

Answer 49

the end product of the metabolic pathway, bonds to the allosteric site which changes the shape of the active site, making it so the end product is no longer produced

Question 50

what’s the difference between lock and key theory, and induced fit model

Answer 50

in the induced fit model, the enzyme undergoes a slight alteration to achieve a perfect fit, while lock and key theory shows that the enzymes have a specific shape meaning the do not have to adjust for the substrate

Question 51

if a graph shows a high amount of free energy, what does that show

Answer 51

that there is no catalyst or enzyme

Question 52

if a graph shows that there will is no enzyme for the reaction, what does that mean

Answer 52

that the rate of reaction is slower and a higher energy of activist ion is needed to active the reactants

Question 53

if a graph shows a low amount of free energy, what does that mean

Answer 53

that there is an enzyme or catalyst

Question 54

if there is a catalyst in a reaction, what does that mean

Answer 54

the rate of reaction is much faster and a lower energy of activation is needed to activate reactants

Question 55

what is optimal temperature for humans

Answer 55

37°

Question 56

where are most enzymes neutral at?

Answer 56

near pH 7