Unit 9 - Nervous System

Question 1

what is a dendrite

Answer 1

a part of the neuron, which has lots of surface area to pick up nerve impulses and conduct the impulse towards the cell body

Question 2

what is the cell body

Answer 2

the metabolic centre of the cell

Question 3

what metabolic reactions occur inside the cell body?

Answer 3

cellular respiration, protein synthesis, and lupus synthesis

Question 4

what is the axon

Answer 4

the part of the neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

Question 5

what is the myelin sheath

Answer 5

the part of the neuron that is made of lipids

Question 6

how is a myelin sheath and axon related

Answer 6

the myelin sheath wraps around the axon and cell body to insulate it.

Question 7

what is the nodes of ranvier

Answer 7

gaps in the myelin

Question 8

what is allowed from the nodes of ranvier

Answer 8

more rapid nerve conduction along the axon

Question 9

what is the synaptic endings?

Answer 9

the end of the axon

Question 10

where are vesicles containing neurotransmitters

Answer 10

the synaptic endings

Question 11

what is located only in sensory, or interneurons?

Answer 11

synaptic endings

Question 12

what is the Central Nervous System

Answer 12

the brain and spinal cord system

Question 13

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

the rest of the nervous system

Question 14

what are the characteristics of the sensory neuron

Answer 14

long dendrites and short axon

Question 15

what are the characteristics of a motor neuron

Answer 15

short dendrites and long axon

Question 16

what is the job of the sensory neuron

Answer 16

takes a message from a sense organ to CNS

Question 17

what is the function of the motor neuron

Answer 17

takes messages away from CNS to muscle fiber or gland

Question 18

what is the function of the interneuron

Answer 18

conveys messages between parts of the system in the CNS

Question 19

what is nerve conduction

Answer 19

an electrical impulse that moves in one direction along the length of a nerve fiber

Question 20

what tool can we use to measure potential differences

Answer 20

oscilloscope (a voltmeter that shows a graph of voltage changes

Question 21

what changes during nerve impulses

Answer 21

there are changes in voltage and concentration ls of certain ions

Question 22

what are the three distinct phases of nerve impulse conduction

Answer 22

1. resting potential
2. action potential
3. refractory period

Question 23

what is resting potential equal to?

Answer 23

-70

Question 24

why is resting potential negative

Answer 24

it is caused by the presence of large organic negative ions in the axoplasm

Question 25

what is axoplasm

Answer 25

the cytoplasm inside an axon

Question 26

during resting potential, sodium ions are more concentrated on the ____ of the membrane

Answer 26

on the outside

Question 27

during resting potential potassium ions are more concentration on the____ of the axon

Answer 27

outside

Question 28

how is the distribution between potassium and sodium ions maintained

Answer 28

by active transport

Question 29

what stimulates a nerve

Answer 29

electric shock, ph change, touch and temperature

Question 30

what is action potential

Answer 30

a nerve impulse

Question 31

what is the direction of nerve impulse

Answer 31

Electrical nerve impulses usually travel in one direction: dendrites - cell body – axon - synapse.

Question 32

why do nerve impulses only travel in one direction

Answer 32

because nerve cells (neurons) connect to each other by synapse.

Question 33

what is the difference between neurones and nerves

Answer 33

Neuron is a specialized cell which are involved in transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. They are found in the CNS, A Nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons and nerve fibers found in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 34

what is a reflex

Answer 34

reflexes are autonomic, involuntary responses to changes occurring inside or outside of the body, which by pass the brain

Question 35

what are the steps involved in reflex action

Answer 35

1. Receptor is stimulated 2. sensory neurons carries impulse via the dorsal root ganglion to the spinal cord 3. neuron synapses with interneuron in the gray matter 4. interneuron synapses with motorneuron 5. motor neuron carries impulse via central root to muscle or gland

Question 36

what are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 36

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

Question 37

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 37

movement and higher intellectual processes like thinking, planning, problem solving etc

Question 38

what is the function of the parietal lobe

Answer 38

primary senses like touch, pressure, pain, temperature etc

Question 39

what is the function of the temporal lobe

Answer 39

hearing, smelling, interpretation

Question 40

what is the function of the occipital lobe

Answer 40

vision

Question 41

what order do the ions involved in resting potential move in

Answer 41

first sodium, then potassium

Question 42

why is myelin important

Answer 42

This myelin sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

Question 43

what makes myelin

Answer 43

Schwann cells.

Question 44

what is relationship between an axon and a dendrites

Answer 44

Dendrites bring information to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body.

Question 45

what makes the sodium/potassium pump work?

Answer 45

ATP

Question 46

what are the six main neurons

Answer 46

acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, Endorphin, Norepinephrine, and serotonin

Question 47

is acetylcholine inhibitor or excitatory

Answer 47

excitatory

Question 48

is dopamine excitatory or inhibition

Answer 48

excitatory

Question 49

is GABA inhibition and excitatory

Answer 49

inhibition

Question 50

is endorphin excitatory or inhibition

Answer 50

excitatory

Question 51

is norepinephrine excitatory or inhibition

Answer 51

excitatory

Question 52

is serotonin excitatory or inhibition

Answer 52

inhibition

Question 53

how is the dorsal root ganglion connected to the reflex action

Answer 53

the sensory neurons carries impulse via the dorsal root ganglion to the spinal cord

Question 54

what is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 54

sympathetic is the emergency response while parasympathetic is the relaxed response

Question 55

which part of brain contains medulla oblongata and the cerebellum

Answer 55

hindbrain

Question 56

what is the medulla oblongata

Answer 56

the brain stem

Question 57

what does the medulla oblongata do?

Answer 57

controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure

Question 58

what does the cerebellum do?

Answer 58

controls balance and complex muscle movement

Question 59

what is the midbrain

Answer 59

the central relay station, between forebrain, hindbrain and medulla oblongata

Question 60

what is in the forebrain

Answer 60

thalamus, hypothalamus, and the corpus callosum

Question 61

what is the function of the thalamus

Answer 61

receives all sensory impulses except for smell

Question 62

what is the function of the hypothesis

Answer 62

regulates homeowners

Question 63

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 63

the connecting piece between the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 64

what is the cerebrum

Answer 64

the conscious brain

Question 65

what is the meninges

Answer 65

Three layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord.