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Biology > Unit 4 Cellular respiration > Flashcards

Unit 4 Cellular respiration Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what two processes work together to provide energy to all living organisms

A
  • photosynthesis
    -cellular respiration
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2
Q

what is the chemical formula of Photosynthesis

A

Sunlight + CO2+H2O = Sugar+O2

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3
Q

where does photosynthesis happen

A

chloroplasts in plants
some prokaryotes

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4
Q

what is the chemical formula for cellular respiration

A

Sugar + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP

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5
Q

where does cellular respiration happen

A

Mitochondria in all eukaryotes
many prokaryotes

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6
Q

what is the difference between respiration and cellular respiration

A

respiration: exchange of gases
-gaining O2 from environment and releasing CO2

cellular respiration: aerobic harvesting of energy from organic molecules
-using food to get energy

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7
Q

define Aerobic

A

requiring oxygen

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8
Q

Define a Exergonic reaction

A

reaction that produces or releases energy

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9
Q

what are life sustaining activities

A

heart, lung, brain activities

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10
Q

what percentage of your energy does the brain use

A

20% of your daily energy

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11
Q

what are voluntary activities

A

what you choose to do

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12
Q

what percentage of energy do life sustaining activities take

A

75% of your energy

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13
Q

what percentage of energy do voluntary activities take

A

25% of your energy

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14
Q

define Kcal (C)

A

the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one kg of water by 1 degree Celsius

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15
Q

how many calories do life sustaining activities take

A

1300-1800 calories per day

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16
Q

Define a Redox Reactions

A

transfer of electrons from one reactant to another

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17
Q

Define Oxidation

A

loss of electrons

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18
Q

Define a reduction

A

the gain of electrons

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19
Q

what kind of reaction is cellular respiration

A

redox reaction

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20
Q

Define Dehydrogenase

A

enzyme that oxidizes the organic fuel molecule

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21
Q

what are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle
  3. oxidative phosphorylation
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22
Q

where does glycolysis take place

Study These Flashcards
A

in the cytosol beside the mitochondria

23
Q

what does glycolysis do

Study These Flashcards
A

breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
while producing a small amount of ATP

24
Q

Define Substrate level phosphorylation

Study These Flashcards
A

the process of producing ATP in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

25
What is the process of substrate level phosphorylation
a phosphate group is transferred from the substrate to the ADP to form a ATP
26
what are intermediates
the compound produced between the starting reactants and the final product
27
during Glycolysis 2 molecules of NAD+ are reduced to what
2 molecules of NADH
28
what is the energy investment Phase
glucose is split into 2 smaller molecules glucose 6c goes to 2 of 3c
29
what is the energy payoff phase
the creation of 4 ATP molecules the creation of 2NADH molecules final product is 2 Pyruvate
30
define an Anaerobic reaction
reaction that does not need oxygen
31
what happens after the pyruvate is made during glycolysis
the pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria
32
what is pyruvate oxidation
pyruvate is oxidized into a 2 carbon compound
33
what is the Citric Acid Cycle
completes the breakdown of the glucose to CO2
34
what is the process of pyruvate oxidation
1. carboxyl group removed from pyruvate releasing it as CO2 2. 2 carbon molecule is oxidized to reduce the NAD+ to NADH 3. coenzyme A (CoA) is added to the 2 carbon molecule making the final product Acetyl CoA (process done 2 times)
35
what is the Citric Acid Cycle
Acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to make citrate
36
what happens during the Citric acid cycle
1. redox reactions remove two carbon atoms and release them as CO2 (twice) 2. more redox reactions generate FADH2 and NADH
37
what is the output of the cycle per single Acetyl CoA molecule
2x CO2 3x NADH 1x FADH2 1x ATP (this cycle done twice)
38
where does Oxidative Phosphorylation happen
In the Mitochondria
39
what are the parts of Oxidative Phosphorylation
1. Electron transport chain 2. Chemiosmosis
40
what percentage of ATP is produced
90% of the ATP
41
what is the electron Transport Chain
NADH and FADH2 move electrons to the electron transport chain
42
what happens during the Electron Transport Chain
H+ ions are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space
43
Define Chemiosmosis
The potential energy if the H+ concentration gradient is used to make ATP
44
what happens during Chemiosmosis
H+ atoms are pushed down the concentration gradient through an enzyme called ATP synthase During which an ADP is combined with is a Phosphorus and creates and ATP
45
how much ATP is made during Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis)
About 28 to 32 max of ATP
46
define Fermentation
process of harvesting energy from organic matter without using oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor
47
how is NAD+ regenerated in Cellular respiration
when NADH passes its electrons through the electron transport chain during Oxidative Phosphorylation
48
how is NAD+ regenerated in Fermentation
oxidative phosphorylation doesn't happen because there is no Oxygen
49
what are 2 other ways to regenerate NAD+
through Lactic Acid Fermentation alcohol fermentation
50
define an Anaerobe
organisms that can live in anaerobic conditions
51
Define Obligate anaerobes
require anaerobic conditions or else poisoned by oxygen
52
Define Facultative anaerobes
can live in Anaerobic or aerobic conditions
53
if O2 (oxygen) is present what will an organism choose
Oxidative Phosphorylation
54
if O2 (oxygen) not present what will an organism choose
Fermentation

Biology (11 decks)

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