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Biology > Unit 2 Macrocolecules > Flashcards

Unit 2 Macrocolecules Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Define Organic Molecules

A

Carbon based molecules

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2
Q

Define an Isomer

A

compounds with same chemical formula but different structural arrangement

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3
Q

define Hydrocarbon

A

molecules that consist of only carbon and hydrogen
-major components of petroleum

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4
Q

what are chemical groups

A

atoms that are attached tp the carbon skeleton

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5
Q

What are the different Chemical groups

A
  1. Hydroxyl
  2. Carbonyl
  3. Carboxyl
  4. Amino group
  5. Phosphate group
  6. Methyl group
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6
Q

Define Polar groups

A

hydrophilic (water soluble)
-hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups

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7
Q

Define Non-Polar groups

A

hydrophobic (not water soluble)
-methyl group
-affects shape of molecule

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8
Q

What are the different classes of Molecules

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
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9
Q

what are macromolecules

A

very large molecules

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10
Q

what are polymers

A

small molecules joined together in chains

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11
Q

what are monomers

A

building blocks for polymers

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12
Q

What is a Dehydration reaction

A

The making of polymers

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13
Q

what is the process of Dehydration reactions

A

removes one OH- molecules and H+ from another molecule
- those two result in the making of a water molecule

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14
Q

what is Hydrolysis

A

the breaking of polymers

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15
Q

what is the process of Hydrolysis

A

opposite from dehydration

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16
Q

what are examples of Carbohydrates

A

sugars, saccharides
-most are hydrophilic
-enzymes that break sugars apart end in “ase”

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17
Q

what are monosaccharides

A

simplest sugars

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18
Q

what is the function of polysaccharides

A

storage molecules and structural compounds

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19
Q

what are the 4 common types of polysaccharides

A
  1. starch
  2. glycogen
  3. cellulose
  4. Chitin
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20
Q

define starch

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A
  • only found in plants
  • in a helical shape that is either branched or unbranched
21
Q

define Glycogen

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A
  • glucose storage in molecules
  • branched
22
Q

Define cellulose

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A
  • polymer of glucose
  • “cable like” microfibers
  • most abundant organic compound
  • animals cant break it down
23
Q

Define Lipids

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A
  • all hydrophobic (don’t mix with water)
  • the smallest out of all the macromolecules
  • not polymers
24
Q

what are the 3 most important types of lipids

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. fats
  2. phospholipids
  3. steroids
25
define a fatty acid
carboxyl group bound to a hydrocarbon chain
26
what are the 2 different types of fatty acids
- Unsaturated - Saturated
27
define a Unsaturated fatty acid
-hydrocarbon chain that has 1 or more double bonds
28
define a Saturated fatty acid
a hydrocarbon chain that has only single bonds
29
what are examples of unsaturated fatty acids
-fats of fish and plants (liquid at room temperature)
30
what are examples of saturated fatty acids
- most animal fats (solid at room temperature)
31
what is the main functions of fats
energy storage
32
what is the role of phospholipids
major components of the cell membrane
33
define a protein
polymer of small building blocks called amino acids
34
how is protein function determined
depends on its structure
35
Define denaturation
process of a protein unraveling and losing its shape and therefore its function (caused by heat)
36
define a dipeptide
molecule made up of two amino acids
37
define a polypeptide
chain of amino acids
38
define the primary structure
sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
39
define secondary structure
parts of the polypeptide chain coil and fold into regional patterns
40
define tertiary structure
the overall 3d shape of the folded polypeptide
41
define the Quaternary structure
proteins that consist of more than 1 polypeptide chain (subunits) the subunits interact with each other in the quaternary structure to form complete protein
42
define gene
unit of inheritance that determines the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
43
Define DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
the nucleic acid that a gene is made of
44
Define RNA (ribonucleic acid)
nucleic acid that assembles the polypeptide according to the instructions of the DNA
45
Define nucleotides
monomers that make up nucleic acid
46
what are the Nitrogenous bases in DNA
- Adenine (A) - Thymine (T) - Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)
47
what are the Nitrogenous bases in RNA
- Adenine (A) - Thymine (T) - Guanine (G) - Uracil (U)
48
what is the difference between RNA and DNA
RNA has one polynucleotide strand whereas DNA has two polynucleotide strands in a double helix
49
What Nitrogenous bases pair with each other
A pairs with T G pairs with C

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