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Physio 202 lab > Unit 4 Lab 8 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Lab 8 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system

A

forms urine and stores it until it is eliminated from the body

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2
Q

what are the components of the urinary system

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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3
Q

describe the physical appearance of the kidney

A

reddish and bean shaped

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4
Q

what is the location of the kidney

A

waist level between 12th thoracic vertebrae and 3rd lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

what does it mean that kidneys are retroperitoneal

A

they lie outside the peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

what are the functions of the kidneys

A
  • regulate blood ionic composition, blood pH, blood volume, blood osmolarity, blood glucose level
  • produces hormones
  • excretion of wastes and foreign substances
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7
Q

what are the layers of the external anatomy of the kidneys from deep to superficial

A

renal capsule, adipose capsule, renal fascia

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8
Q

describe the renal capsule

A
  • thin, fibrous membrane

- covers outer surface of kidneys

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9
Q

what kind of tissue is the adipose capsule made of? where is it located and what is its function?

A
  • adipose tissue
  • between renal capsule and renal fascia
  • provides protection and padding
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10
Q

describe the renal fascia

A
  • dense irregular connective tissue

- outermost layer that attaches kidney to abdominal wall

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11
Q

what is the renal hilum

A

indentation at the concave border

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12
Q

what passes through the renal hilum

A

renal artery, renal vein, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

what are the layers of the internal anatomy of the kidney fro deep to superficial

A

renal cortex, renal medulla, renal sinus

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14
Q

what does the renal cortex contain

A

a portion of the nephrons and a portion of the renal columns

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15
Q

what does the renal medulla contain

A
  • renal pyramids
  • renal coulmns
  • papillary ducts
  • renal papilla
  • portion of the nephrons
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16
Q

what do the renal columns do

A

extend from renal cortex and separate renal pyramids

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17
Q

what are papillary ducts

A

openings in renal papilla that drain urine

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18
Q

what are renal papilla

A

apex of renal pyramid that is pointed towards renal sinus

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19
Q

what makes up the renal sinus

A

renal pelvis, major calyces and minor calyces

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20
Q

where is the minor calyx and what does it do?

A

adjacent to renal papilla, receives urine from papillary ducts

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21
Q

what does the minor calyces drain into

A

major calyces

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22
Q

what is the renal pelvis

A

large cavity that major calyces drain into, continuous with ureter

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23
Q

why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left kidney

A

the liver is on the right side of the body

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24
Q

why do boxers wear protective belts

A

to protect their kidneys since they are retroperitoneal and have no protection

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25
describe the ureters
- 2 long, narrow muscular tubes | - extend from each kidney to the urinary bladder
26
what do the ureters do
transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
27
how do the ureters enter the bladder
they enter the inferior wall at an oblique angle
28
how is urine propelled through the ureters
peristalsis, hydrostatic pressure, gravity
29
describe the urinary bladder
hollow msucular organ
30
what is the function of the urinary bladder
distends to store urine and expels it into the urethra
31
what is the detrusor muscle and what does it do
smooth muscle within wall of bladder, contracts to force urine out of the bladder
32
what are rugae
folds in the epithelial lining of the bladder
33
what makes up the trigone
2 uretal openings and internal urethral orifice
34
what is the internal urethral orifice
anterior opening into urethra
35
what is the urethra
a tube carrying urine from internal urethral orifice to the exterior of the body
36
what is the function of the urethra
discharges urine from the body
37
what is the external urethral orifice
opening through which urine exits the body
38
what is the internal urethral sphincter
involuntary smooth muscle that controls passage off urine from urinary bladder to urethra
39
what is the external urethral sphincter
voluntary skeletal muscle that permits passage of urine to external urethral orifice
40
how long is the urethra in females? males?
females-4 cm | males-15-20 cm
41
what are the 3 regions of the urethra in males and where are they located
prostatic urethra-prostate gland membranous urethra-urogenital diaphragm spongy (penile) urethra-penis
42
what does the renal corpuscle do
filters blood
43
where is the renal corpuscle located
renal cortex
44
what is the glomerulus
capillary network
45
what is the glomerular capsule
cup shaped epithelial membrane surrounding glomerulus
46
what is the capsular space
glomerular cavity between glomerulus and Bowmans capsule, where filtrate enters
47
what does the renal tubule do
modifies filtrate to form urine
48
where is the proximal convoluted tubule
in renal cortex
49
where is the loop of henle
extends into renal medulla
50
where is the distal convoluted tubule located
in renal cortex
51
where do DCTs converge
collecting ducts
52
what happens in the renal capsule
filtration
53
what happens in the renal tubule and collecting duct
reabsorption
54
what happens in the collecting duct and renal corpuscle
secretion
55
what affects amount of filtrate
diameter of afferent arteriole and pressure within glomerular capillaries
56
compare and contrast cortical nephrons and jextamedullary nephrons
cortical nephrons are the majority of nephrons and are short loops of henle and only receive blood supply from peritubular capillary network. juxtamedullary nephrons are closer to medulla likes the PCT, DCT, and corpuscle, they're long loops of henle and have a thick and thin ascending limb and receive blood supply from peritubular capillary network and vasa recta
57
when does filtrate become urine
after it enters papillae
58
what is in the glomerular capsule
visceral epithelial layer, parietal epithelial layer, and podocytes
59
what is the visceral epithelial layer in the glomerular capsule
filtration membrane adjacent to glomerulus (simple squamous)
60
what is the parietal epithelial layer in the glomerular capsule
forms funnel like structure that collects filtrate in capsular space (simple squamous)
61
what are pododcytes
foot like projections on visceral layer that wrap around glomerular capillaries
62
what epithelium is the PCT made of
simple cuboital
63
what is in the loop of henle and what type of epithelium makes them up
descending limb-simple squamous ascending (thin)-simple squamous ascending (thick)-simple cuboital
64
what epithelium makes up the DCT
simple cuboital
65
what epithelium makes up the collecting ducts
simple cuboital
66
what is specific gravity
the wight of a volume of substance divided by the weight of the same volume of distilled water
67
what is osmolarity
a measure of the total number of dissolved particles per liter of solution
68
what is absorbed in the PCT? what is secreted
glucose, amino acids, lattice acid, water soluble vitamins, are absorbed. H+ and urea are secreted
69
what is absorbed in the descending loop of henle
H2O
70
what is absorbed in the ascending limb of loop of henle
Na+ and Cl-
71
what is absorbed in the DCT
Na+ Cl- and H2O
72
what is absorbed and secreted in the late distal tubules and collecting ducts
Na+ Cl- and H2O are absorbed, K+ is secreted
73
what is the normal pH range in urine
4.6-8.0
74
what is the normal range for specific gravity in urine
1.001-1.035
75
what does ADH do
increases water reabsorption
76
what does alcohol do
decreases ADH release and less water reabsorption leads to dilute urine
77
what does aldosterone do
increases reabsorption of Na+ Cl- H2O and secretion of K+
78
what does caffeine do
inhibits Na+ reabsorption in renal tubule

Physio 202 lab (12 decks)

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