Unit 4 Lab 9 Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
what are the functions of the male reproductive system
A
- produce sperm and male sex hormones (testes)
- transport, store, and assist in maturation of sperm (ducts)
- secrete most of the liquid portion of semen (accessory sex gland)
- a passageway for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine (penis)
2
Q
what are the components of the male reproductive system
A
- testes
- ducts
- accessory sex glands
- supporting structures
3
Q
what are the ducts in the male repro system
A
epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
4
Q
what are the accessory glands in the male repro system
A
seminal vesicles, prostate, cowpers gland
5
Q
what are the supporting structures in the male reproductive system
A
scrotum and penis
6
Q
what is the scrotum
A
pouch of loose skin that is suspended from the root fo penis outside the abdominopelvic cavity
7
Q
what does the scrotal septum do
A
internally divides scrotum with 1 testis in each section
8
Q
what is the dartos muscle
A
smooth muscle within scrotal septum and scrotal wall
9
Q
what is the function of the dartos muscle
A
tightens scrotum to reduce heat loss
10
Q
where are the cremastor muscles located
A
within spermatic cords
11
Q
what are cremastor muscles
A
skeletal muscle that are extensions of the internal obliques
12
Q
what do cremastor muscles
A
adjusts distance of testes from body wall
13
Q
what are the endocrine functions in the testes
A
produce and release male hormones called androgens
14
Q
what are the exocrine functions in the testes
A
produce and release sperm
15
Q
what are the layers of the testes from deep to superficial
A
tunica albuginea, tunica vaginalis, spermatic fascia
16
Q
what is the tunica albuginea made of
A
dense fibrous connective tissue
17
Q
what does the tunica albuginea form
A
septa that divide testes into lobules
18
Q
what is the tunica vaginalis
A
extension of peritoneum
19
Q
what is the spermatic fascia made of
A
loose connective tissue
20
Q
where are the seminiferous tubules located
A
within the lobules of the testes
21
Q
what happens in the seminiferous tubules
A
spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis
22
Q
what happens is spermatogenesis
A
formation of spermatids through meiosis
23
Q
where does spermatogenesis occur
A
walls of seminiferous tubules
24
Q
what happens is spermiogenesis
A
maturation of sperm- development of haploid spermatids into sperm
25
where does spermatogenesis occur
seminiferous tubules
26
what are straight tubules
short ducts
27
what are rete testis
network of ducts
28
what are efferent ducts
coiled
29
what is the epididymys
1st part of male duct system
30
what do Leydig cells do
produce and secret androgens (testosterone)
31
where are leydig cells located
Interstitial spaces of testes
32
what are interstitial spaces
triangular shape spaces between seminiferous tubules
33
what are leydig cells stimulated by
LH
34
what do sertoli cells do
they provide chemical environment for spermatogenesis and assists cells to move from basement membrane to lumen of seminiferous tubules
35
where are Sertoli cells located
walls of seminiferous tubules
36
what are Sertoli cells stimulated by
FSH
37
what are the ducts of the testes
straight tubules, rate testis, efferent ducts
38
what does the epididymis do
- site of sperm storage
- reabsorbs degenerated sperm or any sperm not ejaculated after several months
- propels sperm into vas deferent by peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle
39
where is the epididymis located
curves over posterior of corresponding testis
40
where is the vas deferens located
travels through spermatic cord into pelvic cavity
41
what does the vas deferens do
broadens into an ampulla that joins with seminal vesicle duct to the ejaculatory duct
42
where is the ejaculatory duct located
prostate gland
43
where is the spermatic cord located
ascends out of scrotum
44
how does the spermatic cord enter the pelvic cavity
through inguinal canals
45
what does the spermatic cord contain
vas deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cremaster muscle
46
what is the pampiniform plexus
vein network
47
what does the paminiform plexus do
- drains testes and carries testosterone into circulation
| - helps control testis temperature by allowing evaporation of heat from artery
48
what are the accessory sex glands in males
seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and cowpers gland
49
how much semen do the seminal vesicles secrete
60%
50
where are the seminal vesicles located
posterior to urinary bladder
51
what is found in the seminal vesicles and what does it do
alkaline fluid, neutralizes acidic male urethra and female vagina
52
what does alkaline fluid contain
fructose (energy source for sperm) and prostaglandins which stimulate sperm motility and muscular contractions in female repro tract.
53
how much semen does the prostate gland secrete
25%
54
where is the prostate gland located
surrounds prostatic urethra inferior to urinary bladder
55
what does the fluid in the prostate gland contain
proteolytic enzymes which increases sperm viability and motility. slightly acidic
56
what is BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
57
how much semen does cowpers gland secrete
15%
58
where are the cowpers glands located
within urogenital diaphragm on either side of membranous urethra
59
what do cowpers glands contain
alkaline fluid and secretes mucus
60
what is the penis
- cylindrical shaft that contains spongy urethra
| - passageway for urine and ejaculation of semen
61
what does the suspensory ligament of the penis do
- attaches penis to pubic symphysis
| - supports penis when erect
62
what are the 3 cylindrical masses (erectile tissue) of the penis
corpora cavernous and corpora spongiosum
63
what does corpora cavernous contain
blood sinuses
64
what does corpora spongiosum contain
spongy urethra and blood sinuses
65
what is the glans penis
extension of corpus spongiosum that is covered with prepuce (foreskin) and contains the external urethral orifice
66
what are the components in sperm
head, mid piece, tail
67
what does the head contain
nucleus-contains chromosomes
| acrosome- contains hydrolytic enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate oocyte
68
what does the mid piece contain
mitochondria-produce ATP for motility
69
what does the tail contain
flagellum-propels sperm
70
what are the functions of the female reproductive system
- produce secondary oocytes and hormones, including estrogen and progesterone
- transport secondary oocytes to uterus
- protect and nourish developing embryo and fetus
- receive penis during sexual intercourse and provide passageway for childbirth
- synthesize, secrete, nd eject milk for newborn
71
what are the components of the female repro system
- ovaries
- uterine tubes
- uterus
- vagina
- external genitalia
- mammary glands
72
what are the female gonads
paired oval shaped glands located on either side of the uterus
73
what are the endocrine functions of the female gonads
produce and release hormones
74
what are the exocrine functions of the female gonads
produce and release secondary oocytes
75
what are the function of the fallopian tubes
- receive and transport secondary oocyte to superior part of uterus
- provide a route for sperm to reach ovum
76
what are the regions in the fallopian tubes
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
77
what is the infundibulum
distal portion of the uterine tube
78
what are fimbrae and where are they located
finger like projections producing a small current from swaying that helps oocyte to come into uterine tube
79
what is the ampulla
longest region (2/3 of length), where fertilization occurs
80
what Is the isthmus
proximal to uterus, narrower lumen and thicker walls compared to infundibulum and ampulla
81
what is the uterine tube lined with
ciliated columnar epithelium
82
how do zygotes move through uterine tube
beating of cilia and peristaltic smooth muscle contractions
83
what is the function of the uterus
site of implantation of fertilized ovum, development of fetus, labor, source of menstrual flow
84
what are the regions in the uterus
funds, body, cervix
85
what is the fundus
dome shaped superior portion and meets uterine tubes
86
what is the largest region in uterus
the body
87
what is the cervix
narrow region that opens into vagina
88
what is in the cervix
internal O's, cervical canal, external O's
89
what are the internal O's
opening between uterus and cervix
90
what is the cervical canal
cavity within cervix
91
what are the external O's
opening between cervix and vagina
92
what are the layers in the uterus
endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
93
what is the endometrium
inner vascular layer lining uterine cavity
94
what is in the endometrium
stratum functionalism and stratum basalis
95
what does the stratum functionalists do
sloughs off during menstruation
96
what does the stratum Basilis do
creates new start, functionalists after each mesntruation
97
what is the thickest layer in the uterus
myometrium
98
what are the 3 smooth muscle layers in the myometrium
circular, oblique, longitudinal
99
what is the perimetric of the uterus
thin outer layer
100
what are the 4 ligaments that keep the uterus bent forward
broad, round, ovarian, suspensory
101
what are the female glands
skene's glands, bartholin glands
102
where are the skenes glands located
ducts near urethra that lubricate the urethra, antimicrobial
103
where are the bartholin glands located and what do they do
near vagina, lubriacates vagina with mucus
104
what are skenes glands homologous to
prostate gland
105
what are bartholin glands homologous to
cowpers glands
106
what are the mammary glands
modified sweat glands
107
what are the mammary glands surrounded by
adipose tissue
108
what are the external structures of the mammary glands
areola, nipple, lactiferous duct opening
109
what is the areola
circular pigmented area around nipple
110
what is the nipple
pigmented projection
111
what are lactiferous duct openings
where milk emerges
112
what are the internal structures in the mammary glands
alveoli, lobules, lobes, mammary ducts, lactiferous sinuses, lactiferous ducts
113
what are alveoli
milk producing glands
114
what are lobules
clusters of alveoli
115
what are lobes made up of
lobules
116
what do mammary ducts do
drain one lobe
117
what doe lactiferous sinuses do
drain mammary ducts
118
what do lactiferous ducts do
drain lactiferous sinuses
119
what are the regions of the ovaries
germinal epithelium, cortex, medulla
120
what is germinal epithelium
simple epithelium
121
what does the cortex contain
follicles
122
what does the medulla contain
connective tissues, blood vessels and nerves
123
what do granulosa cells do
secrete estrogen
124
what do theca cells do
provide the precursor for granulosa cells to produce estrogen
125
what do Graafian follicles become after ovulation
corpus luteteum and later into corpus albicans if ovum is not fertilized
126
what does corpus luteum do
secretes progesterone
127
what do primordial follicles contain
primary oocytes surrounded by follicular cells
128
what do primary follicles contain
primary oocytes surrounded by follicular cells and granulosa cells
129
what do secondary follicles contain
primary oocytes and antrum
130
what doe Graafian follicles contain
secondary oocytes
131
what does the endometrium line in the uterus
uterine cavity
132
what is in the endometrium in the uterus
endometrial glands, stratum functionalists, stratum basilis
133
what does the stratum functionalis in the uterus do
increases in size each month to prepare for zygote
