Unit 4 Part 2 Flashcards
an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South.[1] Whitney’s invention made upland short cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States. Despite the social and economic impact of his invention, Whitney lost many profits in legal battles over patent infringement for the cotton gin. Thereafter, he turned his attention into securing contracts with the government in the manufacture of muskets for the newly formed United States Army. He continued making arms and inventing until his death in 1825.
Eli Whitney
a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity, which began with the visions of Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s. After Smith’s death in 1844, the Mormons followed Brigham Young to what would become the Utah Territory. Today, most Mormons are understood to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Some Mormons are also either independent or non-practicing. The center of Mormon cultural influence is in Utah, and North America has more Mormons than any other continent, though the majority of Mormons live outside the United States.
Mormons
was an early English-American industrialist known as the “Father of the American Industrial Revolution” (a phrase coined by Andrew Jackson) and the “Father of the American Factory System.” In the UK he was called “Slater the Traitor” [2] because he brought British textile technology to America, modifying it for United States use. He learned textile machinery as an apprentice to a pioneer in the British industry. Immigrating to the United States at the age of 21, he designed the first textile mills, and later went into business for himself, developing a family business with his sons. A wealthy man, he eventually owned thirteen spinning mills, and had developed tenant farms and company towns around his textile mills, such as Slatersville, Rhode Island.
Samuel Slater
the first major improved highway in the United States to be built by the federal government. About 620 miles (1,000 km) long, the National Road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a gateway to the West for thousands of settlers. When rebuilt in the 1830s, the Cumberland Road became the first U.S. road surfaced with macadam.
National Road
a canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles (584 km) from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie. Built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes, the canal helped New York eclipse Philadelphia as the largest city and port[1][2] on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States.
Erie Canal
was a colonial American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the first commercially successful steamboat. In 1800, he was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte to design the “Nautilus”, which was the first practical submarine in history.[1] He is also credited with inventing some of the world’s earliest naval torpedoes for use by the British Royal Navy.[2]
Robert Fulton
refers to the many mills that operated in the city of Lowell, Massachusetts during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Lowell Mills
a United States presidential executive order issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1836 pursuant to the Coinage Act and carried out by his successor, President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver.
Specie Circular
The outcome of three interrelated develop minutes: rapid improvements in transportation, commercialization, and industrialization.
Market Revolution
The program of government subsidies favored by Henry Clay and his followers to promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. Also if technique of production pioneered in the United States that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts.
Henry Clay’s American System
Production of goods in private homes under the supervision of merchant’s who “put out” the raw materials, paid a certain sum her finished piece, and sold the completed item to a distant market.
Putting-out system
The resolution passed at the Seneca falls convention in 1848 calling for full female equality, including the right to vote.
Declaration of Sentiments
The first convention for women’s equality in legal rights, held in upstate New York in 1848
Seneca Falls Convention
Reform movement originating in the 1820s that sought to eliminate the consumption of alcohol.
Temperance
Antiprostitution group founded by evangelical women in New York in 1834.
Female Moral Reform Society
The followers of Mother Ann Lee, who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living.
Shakers
An organization, founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers, that called for gradual emancipation and the removal of freed blacks to Africa.
American Colonization Society
The first antislavery political party, formed in 1840.
Liberty party
Doctrine, first expressed in 1845, that the expansion of white Americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God.
Manifest Destiny
Overland trail of more than two thousand miles that carried American settlers from the Midwest to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah.
Oregon Trail
A fraternal organization of artisans begun in the 1780s that evolved into a key organization of the new mass politics in New York City.
Tammany Society
a religious and philosophical movement that was developed during the late 1820s and ’30s[1] in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of spirituality and, in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School[citation needed]. Among the transcendentalists’ core beliefs was the inherent goodness of both people and nature.
Transcendentalism
a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.
Abolitionists
Sarah Moore Grimké (1792–1873) and Angelina Emily Grimké (1805–1879), were 19th-century Southern American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women’s rights. Angelina Grimké married abolitionist Theodore Dwight Weld in May 1838, and changed her name to Angelina Grimké Weld.
Grimke Sisters
