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Biochemistry > Unit 4 Quesitons > Flashcards

Unit 4 Quesitons Flashcards

1
Q

All of the enzymes of gluconeogenesis may be found in the cytosol EXCEPT __________ which is only found in the mitochondria.

a) PEP carboxykinase

b) pyruvate carboxylase

c) fructose-1,6,-bisphosphatase

d) glucose-6-phosphatase

e) all are only in cytosol

A

b) pyruvate carboxylase

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1
Q

In terms of nucleoside triphosphate molecules, what is the main role of the extra cost of gluconeogenesis compared to glycolysis?

a) Nucleoside triphosphate molecules are used for nucleic acid metabolism.

b) Additional nucleoside triphosphates are needed to turn an energetically unfavorable process into a favorable one.

c) Energy is used for lipid breakdown.

d) Nucleoside triphosphates provide more energy for active muscle activity.

A

b) Additional nucleoside triphosphates are needed to turn an energetically unfavorable process into a favorable one.

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2
Q

The major tissues carrying out gluconeogenesis are the ____ and ____.

A

liver and kidneys

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3
Q

Predict how this mutation would affect the rate of glycolysis in the liver: Loss of the allosteric site for ATP in phosphofructokinase

a) Glycolysis rate increase
b) Glycolysis rate decrease

A

a) Glycolysis rate increase

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4
Q

What would be the effect on an orgnaism’s ability to use glucose as an energy source if a mutation inactivated glucose 6 phosphatase in the liver?

A

The blood glucose concentration would fall, resulting in energy deprivation for glucose dependent tisues

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5
Q

Where is site of glycolysis?

A

cytosol

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6
Q

What are the key regulatory enzymes of gluconeogenesis?

A

Glucose 6 phosphatase
Fructose 1,6 biphosphatotase
Pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase

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7
Q

High concentrations of fructose 2,6 biphosphate stimulates _____ and inhibits _______

A

Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis

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8
Q

Where does pyruvate dehydrogenase complex occur?

A

Mitochondria Matrix

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9
Q

Order the coenzymes according to their involvement in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

A. NAD+

B. CoA-SH

C. TPP

D. lipoamide

E. [FAD]

A

C, D, B, E, A,

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10
Q

The three major regulatory enzymes in glycolytic pathway are:

A

hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase

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11
Q

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is converted to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. This reaction reduces which electron carrier?

a. NADP+
b. NADPH
c. NAD+
d. NADH

A

c. NAD+

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12
Q

What product of conntracting muscle tissue is used by the liver as the starting material for gluconeogenesis?

a. lactate
b. pyruvate
c. glycerol
d. oxaloacetate

A

a. lactate

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13
Q

How many high energy phosphate bonds are consumed during the process of gluconeogenesis using pyruvate as a starting material?
a. 4
b. 2
c. 6
d. 3

A

c. 6

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13
Q

These conditions are applied to glycolytic or gluconeogenic pathway?

Increase in AMP
Increase in fructose 2,6 biphosphate
Increase in insulin
Fed

A

Glycolytic

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14
Q

These conditions are applied to glycolytic or gluconeogenic pathway?

Increase in ATP
Increate in citrate
Increase in acetyl CoA
Increase in glucagon
Fasting

A

gluconeogenic

15
Q

Activate glycolysis or activate gluconeogenesis: Increased levels of fructose 2,6 biphosphate

A

Activate glycolysis

16
Q

Activate glycolysis or activate gluconeogenesis:
Inhibition of PFK2

A

Activate gluconeogenesis

17
Q

Activate glycolysis or activate gluconeogenesis: Increased levels of cAMP

A

Activate gluconeogenesis

18
Q

Activate glycolysis or activate gluconeogenesis: activation of PFK2

A

Activate glycolysis

19
Q

Activate glycolysis or activate gluconeogenesis: increased glucagon levels

A

Activate gluconeogenesis

20
Q

identify the enzymes in order of the three bypass steps in gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, fructose 1,6 biphosphatase, glucose 6 phosphatase

21
Q

Which compound is not a necessary coenzyme for the function of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

a. FAD
b. NAD+
c. ubiquinone
d. lipoic acid

A

c. ubiquinone

22
Q

Which compound is not a product of the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

a. NADH
b. pyruvate
c. acetyl CoA
d. CO2

A

b. pyruvate

23
Q

For a given pair of reduced and oxidized molecules (X- and X), a negative reducing potential suggests that

a. X has a higher affinity for e- than H2 does
b. X has a lower affinity for e- than H2 does
c. X- has a higher affinity for e- than X does
d. X- has a lower affinity for e- than X does

A

b. X has a lower affinity for e- than H2 does

23
Q

Which of the following describes the direction of proton movement relative to electron transfer and phosphorylation?

A. Electron transfer pumps protons into the matrix. As the protons leave the matrix through the ATP synthase, ATP is produced in the matrix.

B. Electron transfer pumps protons into the matrix. As the protons renter through the ATP synthase, ATP is produced in the intermembrane space

C. Electron transfer pumps protons into the matrix. As the protons reenter through the ATP synthase, ATP is produced in the matrix.

D. Electron transfer pumps protons into the matrix. As the protons leave the matrix through the ATP synthase, ATP is produced on the opposite side of the membrane.

A

C. Electron transfer pumps protons into the matrix. As the protons reenter through the ATP synthase, ATP is produced in the matrix.

24
Q

What is the source of electrons transferred by succinate Q reductase (complex II)?

a. NAD+ from the conversion of pyruvate to lactate
b. NADH from the citric acid cycle and glycolysis
c. FADH2 from the citric acid ccyle
d. FAD from pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

c. FADH2 from the citric acid ccyle

25
Q

Which electron carrier is NOT mobile or diffusible in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

a. FAD
b. cytochrome Q
c. ubiquinone
d. cytochrome c

A

a. FAD

26
Q

The path taken by electrons from NADH generated during the citric acid cycle to water will NT pass throguh:

a. FAD
b. O2
c. cytochrome Q
d. cytochrome c

A

a. FAD

27
Q

The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. The electrons from the NADH generated during glycolysis:

A. cannot be used by the mitochondrial electron transport chain because NADH cannot enter the mitochondria.
B. enter the mitochondrial electron chain directly because NADH freely enters the mitochondria.
C. may enter the electron transport chain either at the level of NADH or FADH2, depending on the shuttle system used to transport them into the mitochondria.

A

C. may enter the electron transport chain either at the level of NADH or FADH2, depending on the shuttle system used to transport them into the mitochondria.

28
Q

Where can oxidative phosphorylation take place in living organisms? Select all that apply.

a. plasma membrane
b. mitochondrial matrix
c. cristae
d. cytoplasm
e. inner membrane of mitochondrion

A

a. plasma membrane
c. cristae
e. inner membrane of mitochondrion

29
Q

How much ATP is yielded from complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose in muscle?

A

30 ATP

30
Q

How much ATP is yielded from complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose in liver, heart, kidney?

A

32 ATP

31
Q
A

Biochemistry (17 decks)

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