Unit 4 review Flashcards
digestive, urinary, reproductive
1
Q
male reproductive system in order of sperm.
A
- Seminiferous tubule
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
2
Q
The major regions of the kidney are the outer region called the __________ and the inner region called the __________.
A
- cortex; medulla
3
Q
In a nonpregnant female, what is/are the primary source(s) of estrogens and progesterone?
A
ovaries
4
Q
What are the components of a nephron?
A
a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
5
Q
- What is the correct order of structures the food moves through in the upper digestive tract?
A
mouth, esophagus, stomach
6
Q
- What does the stomach secrete that helps with digestion?
A
hydrochloric acid
7
Q
- What is the product of digestion of proteins?
A
amino acids
8
Q
- Once nutrients are absorbed into the body, what organ stores the nutrients for a later use?
A
liver
9
Q
The reproductive system produces and transports sex cells, also called ___
A
gametes
10
Q
The male sex cells are called ____and the female sex cells are called ___
A
sperm; oocytes
11
Q
Each sex cell carries __ set(s) of genetic instructions and has ___ chromosomes.
A
1; 23
12
Q
The new cell formed during fertilization contains ____ chromosomes, similar to most cells of the body.
A
46
13
Q
The glands of the reproductive system also secrete ______, which help regulate reproductive functions.
A
hormones
14
Q
The urinary system is involved in that regulation of which of the following?
A
electrolyte balance
pH of blood
15
Q
process occurring at the nephron
A
filtration: renal capsule
reabsorption: renal tubule
recreation: urine
16
Q
Flow of urine
A
collecting duct
renal papilla
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
17
Q
What is the process of egg formation called?
A
oogenesis
18
Q
- What stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach? (Check all that apply.)
A
the smell and taste of food
the dissection of the stomach
19
Q
- What stimulates the release of secretin from the duodenum?
A
hydrochloric acid in chyme
20
Q
- What enzyme is produced by the stomach?
A
pepsin
21
Q
t/f: 4. When chyme enters the duodenum, gastric secretions increase.
A
false
22
Q
t/f: 5. Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach.
A
true
23
Q
What are the major function(s) of the digestive system?
A
breakdown and absorption of food
24
Q
In what segment of the alimentary canal does most absorption occur?
A
small intestine
25
in order for urination to occur, the _______ Correct must relax, and the ______ Correct must contract.
urethral sphincters; detrusor muscle
26
Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole and/or vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will cause a(n) __________ in glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
decrease
27
Name the renal process that occurs at the renal corpuscle.
filtration
28
What is the function of the gallbladder?
store bile in between meals
28
women reproductive system in order
uterine tube
ovary
uterus
urinary bladder
urethra
clitoris (Not apart of it)
29
women for babies
uterus, cervix, vagina
30
male produces sperm
testes
31
ducts to transport sperm
epididymis
ductus defers
ejaculatory duct
urethra
32
produces semen
seminal vesicles
prostate glands
bulbourethral glands
33
deposits sperm
penis
34
During spermatogenesis, what is the end result of meiosis?
4 sperm cells with 23 chromosomes each
35
Source: Salivary glands
Action: begins carbohydrates digestions by breaking down starch into disaccharides.
salivary amylase
36
Source: Stomach
action: Begins protein digestion
pepsin
37
source: liver
action: emulsifies (breaks up) fats.
bile
38
source: pacrease
action: break down proteins into peptides
trypsin
39
Source: Pancreas
Action: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
pancreatic lipase
40
Source: Pancreas
action: Breaks down starch into discahrrides
Pancreatic Amylase
41
Source; small intestines
action: Breaks disaccharides into monosaccharides
Sucrease, Maltase, and Lactase
42
43
digestive tract layers 1
outer covering (secretes serous fluid)
serosa:
44
digestive tract layers 2
middle layer, movement, smooth muscle
muscular layer
45
digestive layer 3
nerves, and blood vessels (transport nutrients)
submucosa
46
digestive layer 4
innermost layer, protection, secretion, and absorption
mucosa
47
function of mouth
mechanical digestion and ingestion
cheecks: help push food in b/w teeth
lips- temp of food
palate- roof
48
Teeth and crown
mastication baby 23. adult 32
crown: above the gums and contain enamel
49
parasympathetic stimulation
triggers the production of a large amount of saliva at the sight or smell of food
50
endocrine gland but also has exocrine function b/c it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum
pancreas
51
opens into the duodenum
pancreatic duct
52
what is the largest inner organ
liver
53
54
digestive organ: completes the digestion of chyme, absorbs nutrients, transports wastes to large intestine
small intestine
55
digestion: contains water, mucus, enzymes is what
intestinal juice
56
56
Which of the following structures prevents stomach acid from backwashing into the esophagus?
cardiac/ GE valve
57
the function of the urinary system
filter our blood and removal of waste through urine
58
structure of the urinary system
kidneys, ureters urinary bladder, urethra
59
structure of kindey (basic)
capsule: outer layer
inside: cortex
triangle: pyramids
inner area: medulla
60
kidney: funnel shaped sac that collects urine
renal pelvis
61
kidney: site where blood vessels, lympatheic nerves and ureters exit or enter the kidney
hlium
62
kidney: outer most layer containing nephrons
renal cortex
63
kidney: collect filtrate from several nephrons
collecting ducts
64
kidney: Nephrons contain what 2 things
renal capsule: filtration occurs
renal tubule: transports filtrate
65
nephron: transports filtrate to collect duct; reabsorption & secretion occur throughout
renal tubule
66
kidney function: stimulate RBC formation when oxygen levels FALL below NORMAL
secretion of erythropoietin
67
kidney function: increases blood pressure through renin-angiotensin mechanism
secretion of rennin
68
urinary excretion equation:
glomerular filtration + tubular secretion = tubular reasbsorption
69
MAIN FORCE OF FILTRATION
pressure exerted by fluids of the blood inside the capillaries (blood pressure)
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
70
BP in glomerular capillaries - pressure in the glomerular capsule + COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE in glomerular capillaries ...
IS WHAT KIND OF PRESSURE
NET FILTRATION PRESSURE
71
produce 180 a day
excrete .6-2.5 L a day
urinary: glomeruli
72
renal tubule FUNCTION
reasbsorption of all nutrients even including glucose and amino acids
73
urinary: what is trigger by bladder stretching
micturition reflex
73
bladder can hold....
1,000 ml of urine
74
the process of filtration is driven by
blood pressure
75
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases, ____________.
less URINE is produced
76
Reproductive: sperm fertilizes an egg is CALLED
zygote
77
reproductive: sperm & egg cells are produced by a special type of cell division CALLED
meiosis
78
79
Meiosis 1 and Meosis 2
M1: homologous chromosomes separate
M2: sister chromatids separate
male; 4 sperm cells
female; 1 egg, 3 polar bodies
80
d
81
reproductive: diploid is what
fertilization of an egg ; 46 chromosomes
82
meiosis: spermatogonia process
primary spermatocyte
meiosis I
2. secondary spermatocyte
meiosis II
4 spermatids
maturation
83
83
reproductive : the move ent of semen into the urethra is CALLED
emission
84
The penis contains _______ columns of erectile tissue that become functional when blood vessels ________.
3; dilate
85
reproductive: female organs
labs majora and minora
clitoris and vestibule
86
reproductive: female breasts; modified sweat glands that produce milk
mammary glands
86
formation of egg cells
OOGENESIS PRCOESS
1 oogonia
growth and repliation
1. primary oocyte
meosis 1
secondary oocyte and polar body
only if fertilized-meiosis 2
zygote and second polar body
87
reproductive women: The endometrium is the inner layer of the ______________.
uterus
87
In the female reproductive system, a(n) ________ is formed to discard the extra chromosomes during meiosis.
polar body
88
women infertility what percent is due to anatomical abnormalities
37%
89
male infertility
40-45% unexplained
