Unit 4 Section C

Question 1

Hierarchical

Answer 1

Related to a system of organization where individuals or groups are ranked one above the other in terms of authority or status. Describes a structure where positions or departments are ranked in levels, with each level having different levels of authority.

Question 2

Decentralization

Answer 2

The process of distributing or dispersing functions, powers, people, or things away from a central location or authority. The transfer of control or authority from a central figure or location to smaller or more localized units.

Question 3

Formalization

Answer 3

The process of making something official or systematized. The act of establishing formal rules, procedures, or structures in an organization.

Question 4

Motivational

Answer 4

Relating to the reasons or incentives that drive people to act or behave in a certain way. Pertaining to or designed to encourage action or inspire enthusiasm.

Question 5

Span of Control

Answer 5

The number of subordinates or employees a manager or supervisor is responsible for. The range or scope of direct oversight a manager has over their team members.

Question 6

Perception

Answer 6

The way in which something is understood or interpreted. The process by which individuals become aware of and interpret sensory information.

Question 7

Transactional

Answer 7

Relating to exchanges or transactions, especially in the context of leadership or management. Focused on maintaining the status quo and managing day-to-day operations by using rewards and punishments.

Question 8

Transactional Leadership

Answer 8

A leadership style that focuses on structured tasks, supervision, and performance-related rewards. A leadership approach where leaders motivate employees by rewarding them for meeting specific targets and maintaining productivity.

Question 9

Transformational

Answer 9

Involving significant change or improvement, especially in leadership styles that inspire and motivate followers. A style of leadership that focuses on inspiring and motivating employees to exceed expectations and drive change within an organization.

Question 10

Cognitive

Answer 10

Relating to mental processes such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. Pertaining to the processes of knowing, understanding, and learning

Question 11

Autonomy

Answer 11

The ability or right to make decisions independently. The state of being self-directed or self-governing, with the ability to make one’s own decisions.

Question 12

Collaboration

Answer 12

The action of working together with others to achieve a common goal. The process of individuals or groups coming together to work on a shared task or objective.

Question 13

Delegation

Answer 13

The assignment of tasks or responsibilities to others. The process of entrusting tasks or authority to others, especially subordinates.

Question 14

Organizational Culture

Answer 14

The shared values, beliefs, and norms within an organization that shape behavior. The system of shared values and practices that influences how employees interact and work within an organization.

Question 15

Resilience

Answer 15

The ability to recover quickly from setbacks or difficult situations. The capacity to bounce back from adversity, challenges, or stress.

Question 16

Affective

Answer 16

Relating to moods, feelings, or emotions. Pertaining to emotional responses or states.

Question 17

Discrimination

Answer 17

Unfair treatment of a person or group based on characteristics like race, gender, or age. The prejudiced or biased treatment of people based on certain attributes, rather than on their abilities or qualities.

Question 18

Sociability

Answer 18

The quality of being sociable or enjoying the company of others. The tendency to seek interaction and form connections with others.

Question 19

Greviances

Answer 19

Complaints or concerns about something perceived as wrong or unjust. Formal complaints or concerns raised by employees regarding their work conditions or treatment.

Question 20

Incentivization

Answer 20

The process of providing incentives or rewards to motivate employees or individuals. The system of offering rewards or benefits to encourage certain behaviors or actions.

Question 21

Altruism

Answer 21

The selfless concern for the well-being of others. The principle or practice of acting in the interest of others, even at a personal cost.

Question 22

Appraisal

Answer 22

The evaluation or assessment of something, such as an employee’s performance. A formal evaluation of an individual’s performance, often related to work or job effectiveness.

Question 23

Interpersonal

Answer 23

Relating to relationships or communication between people. Pertaining to the interactions, communications, or relationships between individuals.

Question 24

Empowerment

Answer 24

The process of giving individuals or groups the authority or confidence to take control of their own work or decisions. The act of providing employees or individuals with the power, confidence, and resources to take control of their work and make decisions.

Question 25

Employee Retention

Answer 25

The ability of an organization to keep its employees and reduce turnover. The strategy and practice of ensuring that employees stay within an organization for extended periods, thus minimizing turnover rates.

Question 26

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 26

A psychological theory that refers to the discomfort felt when a person holds conflicting beliefs or behaviors. The mental tension or discomfort that arises from holding two contradictory beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

Question 27

Psychosocial

Answer 27

Relating to the interaction between psychological and social factors. Referring to the interrelation of psychological and social aspects of a person's life or behavior.

Question 28

Globalization

Answer 28

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale. The process of increasing global connectivity and interdependence in economic, social, technological, and cultural contexts.

Question 29

Synergy

Answer 29

The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, agents, or entities to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. The concept that the combined efforts of a group or team produce a result greater than what could be achieved individually.

Question 30

Diversity

Answer 30

The inclusion of different types of people, such as those from different races, cultures, genders, and backgrounds. The presence of a wide range of differences within a group, organization, or community.

Question 31

Hygiene Factors

Answer 31

Elements of a job that are essential to avoid dissatisfaction but do not necessarily lead to higher satisfaction. Factors in the work environment, such as salary or working conditions, that are necessary to prevent dissatisfaction but do not by themselves lead to high levels of motivation.

Question 32

Empowerment

Answer 32

Giving individuals the confidence or authority to make decisions or control their work. The process of enabling individuals to take initiative and exercise control over their responsibilities.

Question 33

Delegation

Answer 33

Assigning responsibility or authority to others. The act of entrusting others with the responsibility for completing tasks or making decisions.

Question 34

Conflict Resolution

Answer 34

The process of resolving disagreements or disputes within an organization. Techniques and methods used to address and resolve disputes between individuals or groups in an organization.