Unit 4 - Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards
5 common types of repetitive strain injuries
(1) bicipital tendonitis = bicep
(2) tennis elbow = outside of the elbow
(3) golfer’s elbow = inside of the elbow
(4) DeQuervain’s tendosynovitis = thumb
(5) Trochanteric bursitis = outer hip
What are NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Why is exercise important for ppl w/ repetitive stress injury?
Strengthen their joints
What are the 3 types of strains and how long does each take to heal?
Grade 1 - damage to individual muscle fibre - 2-3 weeks rest
Grade 2 - more fibres involved but no complete rupture - 3-6 weeks rest
Grade 3 - complete rupture of a muscle, usually requires surgery - rehab 3-6 months
Describe the process of how muscle heals.
(1) Regeneration of muscle fibres (aka muscle fibres grow)
(2) Formation of scar tissue (bleed stops, matrix forms, matrix froms scar w/in muscle, scar made up of collagen fibres)
(3) Scar tissue matures (collagen fibres align along external stress)
What are the three types of sprains called and how does the pathophysiology differ?
1st Degree - microscopic tearing of ligament
2nd Degree - some torn
3rd Degree - near-complete/complete tear
3 stages of healing of a sprain
Acute stage (Inflammatory Stage) 1-10 days
- clot formation
- Phagocytosis
Subacute stage (Repair or Healing) 3-20 days
- removal of dead tissue
- growth of capillaries
- collagen formation
Chronic Stage (Maturation + Remodelling) 6 months-1yr
- maturation of connective tissue
- remodelling of scar tissue
- collagen aligns to stress
3 stages of management of a sprain
Protection Phrase (Inflammatory stage) 1-10 days - RICE
Controlled Motion Phase (Repair phase) 3-20 days
- active mov’t
- controlled resistive muscle mov’t (gentle strenghtening)
Return to function (Maturation+Remodelling) 6months-1yr
- stretching, strengthening, endurance and functional exercises
Define RSI
Repetitive Stress Injury = group of conditions that are caused when too much stress is placed over the joint; stress is caused through repetitive action
(e.g. tendinitis, bursitis)
Function of Bursae
assists mov’t and reduces friction btw moving parts
RICE
Rest
Ice/Immobilization
Compression
Elevation
T/F
The medial collateral ligaments of the ankle are most commonly injured
FALSE
should be lateral
T/F
The most common mechanism for an ankle sprain is inversion
TRUE
T/F
Most people should be NWB during an acute ankle sprain.
FALSE
should be PWB
What is the most common ligament to be involved in a 3rd degree ankle sprain?
Anterior talofibular
T/F
Lateral epicondylitis is an inflammation of the ligaments around the elbow.
FALSE
tendons have micro tears
T/F
Lateral epicondylitis is due to overuse of the flexor muscles of the forearm as seen in golf.
FALSE
extensors muscles in tennis
T/F
Lateral epicondylitis is due to overuse of the extensor muscles of the forearm
TRUE
What are the different types of strengthening exercises that are important part of prescription/treatment for lateral epicondylitis?
Isometric
Essentric
Concentric
What kind of joint is the ankle?
Hinge joint
Bones in ankle
tibia, fibula, and talus
Ankle ligaments
Laterally:
Anterior talo-fibular
Posterior talo-fibular
Calcaneo-fibular
Medially: Deltoid ligament (attaches to talus, calcaneous, and navicular)
Why are inversion ankle sprains more common?
b/c the Deltoid tendon is big and strong
When should you go seek medical attention for ankle sprains?
if ankle fails to improve w/in 5-7 days
