Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards
thin outer layer of mantle, convection begins here
Asthenosphere
thin solid layer floating on asthenosphere, broken into techtonic plates
Lithosphere
plates move away from each other, where mid ocean ridges, seafloor spreading
Divergent Boundary
plates collide with each other, where mountains, islands, and subduction
Convergent Boundary
an area where there is a mantle plume (hotter magma under crust) with high volcanic activity.
(Hawaii)
Hot Spot
tectonic plates slide past each other, where faults form and create earthquakes
Transform Boundary
cracks in the earth’s crust along which there is movement
Faults
ring of seismic activity around the edges of the Pacific Ocean
Ring of Fire
amount of pore space a soil has
Most: gravel, sand, silt, clay : Least
Porosity
how easily water drains through a soil
Most-gravel, sand, silt, clay-Least
Permeability
the desired soil type for most crops. 20% clay, 40% silt and 40% sand
Loam
least permeable, highest porosity, highest water capacity
Clay
Most permeable, lowest porosity, lowest water capacity
Sand
mid-permeability, mid-porosity, mid-water capacity
Silt
main organic part of soil (decomposed biomass, leaves, animals, waste, etc.)
Humus
added to soil naturally through fixation by soil bacteria and legumes and through rainfall, or artificially through manure, fertilization or organic materia
Nitrogen
necessary nutrient in soil, or else root death
Oxygen
essential for cell division and development of the growing tip of the plant
Phosphorus
where atmosphere merges with space
Exosphere
hottest layer, absorbs x-rays and uv rays, northern lights/aurora borealis
Thermosphere
less dense, less mass pushing down
Mesosphere
dense ozone layer, absorbs UV-B and UV-C,
Stratosphere
where weather takes place, densest layer (majority water vapor), gravity strongest, ozone (O3) = pollutant, damages respiration, plant stomata and forms smog
Troposphere
Atmospheric Circulation
