Unit 4.1.1: Global interactions and global power Flashcards
Globalisation
The widening and deepening global connections, interdependence and flows (commodities, capital, information, migrants and tourists).
Globalisation is the process of increasing interconnectivity between countries
Global interactions
A two-way and complex process whereby cultural traits and commodities may be adopted, adapted or resisted by societies
The KOF Globalisation Index
The measurement of how globalised a country is
The KOF Globalisation Index measures the economic, social and political dimensions of globalisation.
Economic = 37%
Social = 39%
Political = 25%
Economic Globalisation
Characterised Long distance flow of goods, capital and services
Information and perceptions that accompany market exchanges
Political Globalisation
Characterised by a diffusion of government policies
Social Globalisation
Expressed as the spread of ideas, information, images and people.
Disadvantages of the KOF index as a measure of globalisation
- Social globalisation includes tourism, telecoms, letters, number of McDonaldâs restaurants per capita, number of IKEA stores per capita, and trade in books as a % of GDP.
- Some countries may have other foreign brands, such as Burger King, in place of McDonaldâs or IKEA.
- The trade in books is unreliable due to factors like low literacy rate or lack of disposable income, despite consumption of foreign music or films.
- Small countries with successful economics feature prominently in the rankings, suggesting that internal disparities artificially reduce the level of globalisation.
- Data is collected from various sources, leading to potential discrepancies in the way countries are treated.
FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)
Purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset.
Advantages of FDI
Really good for economic globalisation because it strengthens ties
Social and cultural globalisation is difficult to measure.
Trade in cultural goods spreads value and is easy to measure.
Some countries do not have a large military and therefore do not contribute to UN Peacekeeping MIssions. (Japan and Germany have had limitations imposed on their military since WWII) To what extent are these indicators a âwesternâ view of political engagement.
Maastricht globalisation Index (MGI)
The measurement of how globalised a country is
- Developed to counterbalance the neoliberal orientation of the KOF index
- MGI is a composite measure of globalisation, but it has unique additions
- It takes 11 variables in five domains into account, including;
Economic, socio-cultural and ecological dimensions
The military industrial complex of a country
It does all this in a balanced manner
Superpower
A very powerful and influential nation
Geopolitical
The effects of Earthâs geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations
Neo-colonial
The economic and political policies by which a great power indirectly maintains or extends its influence over other areas or people (usually that it used to control)
Soft Power
A persuasive approach to international relations, typically involving the use of economic or cultural influence
Hard Power
The use of military and economic means to influence the behaviour or interests
