Unit 4.2 Animal tissues, organs and organ systems and enzymes

Question 1

What is a meant by a specialised cell?

Answer 1

A cell that carries out a particular function (job).

Question 2

What is meant by differentiation?

Answer 2

When a stem cell changes into a specialised cell.

Question 3

What is a stem cell?

Answer 3

An undifferentiated cell that can change into any type of cell.

Question 4

What is meant by an ‘undifferentiated cell’?

Answer 4

A cell that has not yet changed into a specialised cell (e.g. stem cells)

Question 5

Many similar cells form a…

Answer 5

tissue

Question 6

Many tissues form an…

Answer 6

organ

Question 7

Many organs form an…

Answer 7

organ system

Question 8

Many organ systems form an…

Answer 8

organism

Question 9

When does differentiation occur in multicellular organisms?

Answer 9

During the development (in the uterus/womb)

Question 10

What is meant by a multicellular organism?

Answer 10

An organism that is made from many different types of specialised cells.

Question 11

Why do large multicellular organisms require organ systems?

Answer 11

To transport materials.

To exchange materials.

Question 12

Name the 3 types of tissue that form the stomach (organ).

Answer 12

Epithelial tissue

Glandular tissue

Muscular tissue

Question 13

What is the function of epithelial tissue in the stomach?

Answer 13

It covers the stomach like a skin.

Question 14

What is the function of muscular tissue in the stomach?

Answer 14

It contracts to allow the stomach to churn food.

Question 15

What is the function of glandular tissue in the stomach?

Answer 15

It secretes digestive enzymes that break down food.

Question 16

What is the function of glandular tissue?

Answer 16

It secretes enzymes.

It secretes hormones.

Question 17

Identify the organ system

Answer 17

Digestive System

Question 18

Identify the organ.

Answer 18

Question 19

Identify the organ.

Answer 19

Question 20

Identify the organ.

Answer 20

Question 21

Identify the organ.

Answer 21

Question 22

Identify the organ.

Answer 22

Question 23

Identify the organ.

Answer 23

Question 24

Identify the organ.

Answer 24

Question 25

Identify the organ.

Answer 25

Question 26

what organ produces digestive juices

Answer 26

glands e.g. pancreas, salivary gland

Question 27

where in the digestive system does digestion take place?

Answer 27

mouth stomach small intestine

Question 28

amylase breaks down

Answer 28

starch

Question 29

what is starch broken down into?

Answer 29

glucose

Question 30

protease breaks down?

Answer 30

proteins

Question 31

proteins are broken down into

Answer 31

amino acids

Question 32

fats are broken down by

Answer 32

lipase

Question 33

fats are broken down into?

Answer 33

fatty acid glycerol

Question 34

digested food is absorbed where?

Answer 34

small intestine

Question 35

water is absorbed where in the digestive system?

Answer 35

large intestine

Question 36

digestion of starch takes place in which organ?

Answer 36

mouth small intestine

Question 37

digestion of proteins takes place in which organs?

Answer 37

stomach small intestine

Question 38

Fats are digested in which organ?

Answer 38

small intestine

Question 39

what type of substance is bile?

Answer 39

alkali

Question 40

bile is made in which organ?

Answer 40

liver

Question 41

The role of bile in digestion is?

Answer 41

to neutralise stomach acid emulsify the fats into droplets

Question 42

Why is it important that the bile is added as the food leaves the stomach?

Answer 42

to prevent the acid contents denaturing enzymes in the small intestine

Question 43

What organs in the digestive system does the food NOT pass through?

Answer 43

pancreas liver gall bladder

Question 44

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 44

Mouth

Question 45

How are the small intestines adapted for absorption?

Answer 45

Folds called villi increase surface area villi are thin villi have an extensive blood supply

Question 46

Where is all the undigested food stored?

Answer 46

rectum

Question 47

Where does the undigested food leave the body from?

Answer 47

anus

Question 48

What is the glucose absorbed in digestion used for?

Answer 48

delivered to our cells and used in respiration

Question 49

What are the amino acids absorbed in digestion used for?

Answer 49

to make new proteins

Question 50

Where are new proteins made in a cell?

Answer 50

at the ribosomes

Question 51

organ systems work together to form

Answer 51

organisms

Question 52

Where is bile stored?

Answer 52

gall bladder

Question 53

How are proteins different to amino acids?

Answer 53

proteins are large and insoluble amino acids are small and soluble

Question 54

How is starch different to glucose?

Answer 54

starch is large and insoluble glucose is small and soluble

Question 55

proteases, lipases and amylases are all what type of molecule?

Answer 55

enzymes

Question 56

what are enzymes made from?

Answer 56

protein

Question 57

What is an enzyme?

Answer 57

Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalayst

Question 58

What does an enzyme do in the body?

Answer 58

control and speed up the rate of chemical reactions e.g. respiration

Question 59

Enzymes are affected by

Answer 59

pH temperature

Question 60

True or false enzymes are living

Answer 60

FALSE

Question 61

You can increase the speed of an enzyme controlled reaction by doing what?

Answer 61

raising the temperature

Question 62

If the temperature gets too hot for enzymes, what happens to the reaction its controlling?

Answer 62

slows down and eventually will stop

Question 63

If enzymes get too hot what happens to the enzyme?

Answer 63

they begin to denature (destroyed)

Question 64

When an enzyme denatures - what does this mean for the enzyme?

Answer 64

The bonds holding the enzyme together break and the enzyme begins to unravel

Question 65

What shape are enzymes said to have?

Answer 65

globular

Question 66

Are catalysts used up in the reaction?

Answer 66

No - left unchanged

Question 67

Name the special site on the enzyme where the reaction takes place

Answer 67

active site

Question 68

What is the name of the molecule that binds at the active site?

Answer 68

substrate

Question 69

Can any substrate bind any enzyme?

Answer 69

No - active sites have a specific shape

Question 70

What makes all enzymes different/unique?

Answer 70

They are all folded into a unique shape Their active site is specific to the enzyme

Question 71

When an enzyme binds to the substrate what is formed?

Answer 71

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 72

pH protease enzymes work best in in the stomach?

Answer 72

pH1-2

Question 73

Chemical used to detect starch?

Answer 73

iodine

Question 74

colour change observed if starch is present?

Answer 74

brown to black

Question 75

In an experiment it is important to control certain variables why?

Answer 75

To make it a fair test

Question 76

The rate of a reaction is..

Answer 76

a measure of how something changes over time

Question 77

Digestion breaks down large insoluble molecules into..

Answer 77

small soluble ones (that can be absorbed)

Question 78

Amylase is made in 3 places - name them

Answer 78

pancreas salivary gland small intestine

Question 79

Protease are made in which organs?

Answer 79

pancreas small intestine stomach

Question 80

Lipases are made in which organs?

Answer 80

pancreas small intestine

Question 81

name the acid in the stomach

Answer 81

hydrochloric acid

Question 82

what does emulsify mean?

Answer 82

break down into tinier droplets

Question 83

What chemical is used to test for sugars?

Answer 83

Benedicts

Question 84

How do you test for sugar in a sample of food?

Answer 84

dissolve in water add benedicts heat for 5 minutes in a water bath observe colour change

Question 85

a sample of food containing a lot of sugar will turn benedicts solution from blue to...

Answer 85

red

Question 86

A negative test for sugar using benedicts will ....

Answer 86

stay blue (no sugar is present)

Question 87

The chemical used to test for proteins...

Answer 87

biuret solution

Question 88

Foods that contain protein include

Answer 88

milk, meat, cheese

Question 89

starchy foods include

Answer 89

bread rice pasta

Question 90

to test for proteins you ...

Answer 90

dissolve food sample in water add equal volume of biuret solution observe colour change

Question 91

A positive test for protein using biuret will turn

Answer 91

purple/lilac

Question 92

Lipids (fats) are found in

Answer 92

cheese, chocolate, butter

Question 93

To test for lipids you...

Answer 93

Grind up food sample add ethanol transfer food and ethanol sample to water look for a white layer/precipitate