Unit 5 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679 (English)
Wrote Leviathan, defended absolute monarchy because people cant function without powerful government, not divine right of kings
Locke, John 1632 – 1704 (English)
Contract theory of government, they cannot take away rights of life, liberty and property, power derives from the governed
Montesquieu, The Baron Charles-Louis Secondat 1689 – 1755 (French)a
spirit of the laws, separation of powers in gov to prevent one person becoming oppressive
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 1712 – 1778 (French)
social contract, people born with natural rights, authority originates with the governed (popular sovereignty)
Voltaire (real name François-Marie Arouet) 1694 – 1778 (French)
advocate for freedom of speech, religion, assembly
Adam Smith, 1723-90 (Scottish)
Wealth of nations, suggested mercantilism has too many governmental obstacles, proposed capitalism where people pursue their own interest.
Deism
people who believed in god but not supernatural Christian teachings, mostly Philosophes
Peace of Paris (1783)
British recognized American independence
Concordat
agreement between French state and Roman Catholic church, payed cleric’s salaries and recognized Catholic Christianity as national religion, but retained seized church land and supported religious tolerance of judaism and protestantis
Napoleonic (civil) code
revised law, political + legal equality, merit-based society, protected private property, confirmed revolutionary policies but not extremist policies
Laissez Faire
free market economy, flow of commerce without government regulation.
Thermadorian reaction
more conservative after destructive results of chaos
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be based only on public utility (France)
Toussaint L’Ouverture
“Father of Haiti,” former slave who gained independence and became leader of revolution
jean-jacques dessalines
emperor of Haiti who proclaimed his country’s independence in 1804, freed slaves
Simon Bolivar
creole from venezuela who gained its independence and goal was to unite colonies of south america into Grand Columbia
Jamaica letter
explanation as to why venezuela wanted to revolt, from bolivar to cullen, wanted english support
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
roman catholic creole priest who led mexican revolution, trying to establish equality
Agustin de Iturbide
mexican emperor who declared independence, but wanted absolute monarchy for himself
Crane brinton
anatomy of a revolution
1. moderate phase
2. radical phase
3. thermadorian reaction
4. restoration period
Maximilien Robespierre
leader of french revolution ~ wanted equality for all
enlightened despotism
absolute monarchy but still retained thoughts of citizens and ruled based off enlightenment ideas
English bill of rights
freedom of speech in parliament, right to bear arms, right to trial by jury, independence of parliament who must agree to any taxation
the glorious revolution
revolution in england
