Unit 5 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Id
(Instincts) inherent. Based on the pleasure principle- gain pleasure, avoid pain. Sexual and aggressive urges and selfishness.
Ego
reality): Rational thought and logical processing. Reality principles - realistic and logical thinking. Balance between Id and Superego.
Superego
morality: Partially unconscious. Moral principles - right and wrong, good vs. evil. Following these instincts leads to feelings of pride, but ignoring it leads to feelings of guilt adn anxiety.
Developmental psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. Stages follow GEF
Germinal stage
first 10 day to 2 week development iwhen the fertilized egg, called a zygote ,undergoes rapid cell division
Embryo Stage
About 10 days after conception, the germinal stage completes as the zygote attaches to the mother’s uterine wall
Fetal Stage
Begins in ninth week: facial features, hands, and feet have formed. As the fetus enters the 16th week, its 3 ounces could fit in the palm of your hand
During the sixth month, organs such as the stomach develop enough to give the fetus a good chance of surviving and thriving if born prematurely
Teratogen
Literally, “monster makers”) agents such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Example of teratogen
Fetal alcohol syndrome, the most serious of all fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, marked by lifelong physical and mental abnormalities
Fries psychosexual stages order
Oral: 0-24 months
Anal: 2-3 years
Phallic: 3-7 years
Latency: 7-11 years
Genital: 12+
Piaget Stages of development in order (cognitive)
Sensorimotor Birth-2 years
Preoperational 2-7
Concrete Operational 7-11
Formal Operational 12+
Innate reflexes
Gradually weaken overtime (rooting and sucking reflex) or completely disappear (Grasp, Startle (Moro), and Babinski reflex). All to help baby survive.
Neural Processing Maximum age:
about age 15
Malnourishment and development:
-Brain development is most sensitive to nutrition between mid-gestation and 2.
-Malnourished, during this time frame, can have stunted physical and mental growth
Secure attachment:
Marked by distress when taken from caregivers and joy when the caregiver returns
When frightened, they seek comfort from caregivers
(a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver)
Ambivalent attachment:
Become very distressed when a parent/caregiver leaves
Uncommon 7-15% in US
Results from poor maternal availability- can not depend on mother or caregiver
(Pattern in which an infant becomes anxious before the primary caregiver leaves, is extremely upset during his or her absence, and both seeks and resists contact on his or her return)
Avoided Attatchment
Tend to avoid parent or caregivers
Will show no preference between a caregiver or stranger
Result of abusive or neglectful caregiver
(doesn’t show any attachment to parent or caregiver, result to abusive or negligent caregiver)
Disorganized attachment:
Display a confusing mix of behavior and may seem disoriented, dazed or confused
-May avoid or resist caregiver
-Lack of clear attachment pattern blamed.
(a type of attachment that is marked by an infant’s inconsistent reactions to the caregiver’s departure and return)
Stages of Attatchment in order
Pre- Attachment birth to 3 months
Indiscriminate Attachment: : 6 weeks to 7 months
Discriminate Attachment: 7 months to 11 months
Multiple Attachments: 9 months
Purpose of Harlow’s study of monkeys
(to show that the monkeys would care for attachment rather than food)
“When exploring their environment, they used her as a secure base, as if attached to her by an invisible elastic band that stretched only so far before pulling them back. Researchers soon learned that other qualities—rocking, warmth, and feeding—made the cloth mother even more appealing.”
Functions of the brainstem
Conduct sensory impulses from the spinal cord to higher centers of the brain
Conduct motor impulses from the cerebrum to spinal cord,
control heartbeat, respiration and blood vessel diameter
Controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure
Auditory stimulation and development
Even a simple rustling sound is enough to activate their brain (and make them start crying). Auditory stimulation is, therefore, crucial to normal brain development in kids, as there are benefits to their physical and mental development
Cerebral Cortex controls touch, vision, learning, thinking, remembering
-Auditory stimulation makes a difference in brain development
Authoritarian Parenting
parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child. demands obedience and controls the child’s behavior through punishment. There is limited communication between the parent and child. They are extremely strict, restrictive and highly controlling.
Authoritative parenting:
Characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making. Open communication between the parent and child, but the parent makes the ultimate decision.
