unit 5 Flashcards
(51 cards)
What is the Enlightenment?
A philosophical movement that dominated in Europe during the 18th century, centered around the idea that reason is the primary source of authority and legitimacy, advocating ideals such as liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.
Define nationalism.
Strong identification of a group of people who share an ethnic identity and language.
What is empiricism?
Concept that states how reality is learned through senses (touch, smell, sight, hearing).
What are the main ideas of the Enlightenment?
Human happiness, pursuit of knowledge through reason and evidence of the senses, ideals such as natural law, liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.
What is deism?
Belief in God as a creator who does not interfere in human affairs, popular among Enlightenment thinkers.
Who is John Locke?
An English philosopher and physician, regarded as one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, known as the ‘father of liberalism’ and believed in natural rights.
What is Voltaire known for?
A French Enlightenment writer famous for his wit and criticism of Christianity, especially the Roman Catholic Church, and of slavery.
Who was Montesquieu?
A French judge and political philosopher known for the theory of separation of powers.
What is the social contract according to Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
A concept where people choose their leaders and government to protect their rights.
What is the significance of Mary Wollstonecraft?
An Enlightenment thinker who fought for women’s rights, advocating that women could do the same things as men if given the same opportunity.
What is ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women’?
A book written by Mary Wollstonecraft that argues for the equal treatment of women.
What does suffrage refer to?
The right to vote.
What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention?
To promote women’s equality in education, suffrage, property ownership, and child custody.
What does abolition mean?
Getting rid of something, specifically stopping slavery.
What triggered the American Revolution?
British tax policies angered the colonies due to lack of representation, leading to war and independence.
Describe the French Revolution.
A social upheaval between 1778 and 1799 that sought to change the relationship and power of rulers, ending in Napoleon taking power.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
A document made during the French Revolution by the 3rd estate demanding rights and more power.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
A revolution of slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, leading to their independence.
Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?
Leader of the Haitian Revolution who led a successful slave revolt and emancipated the slaves in Haiti.
What did Simon Bolivar accomplish?
Helped South American nations gain independence from Spain and led revolutions.
What characterized the Latin American Revolutions?
Various revolutions during the late 18th and early 19th centuries that resulted in the creation of independent countries in Latin America.
What was the FIRST Industrial Revolution?
The transition from agricultural to factory production, allowing for mass production of goods.
Where and when did the FIRST Industrial Revolution occur?
In England during the 1700-1800s.
What changes occurred during the FIRST Industrial Revolution?
Increased production and efficiency, lower prices, more goods, better wages, and rural to urban migration.
