unit 4 pt2 Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?

A

Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu, a central figure in early Portuguese Empire and 15th-century maritime expansion

Known for promoting exploration and navigation.

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2
Q

What significant achievement is Bartolomeu Dias known for?

A

First European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa in 1488

Demonstrated effective southward route for ships lies in the open ocean.

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3
Q

What was Vasco da Gama’s major contribution to exploration?

A

First European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia by ocean route

His voyage connected the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

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4
Q

Where did the Portuguese Maritime Empire dominate?

A

West/East coasts of Africa, Indian Ocean, Brazil (East of Treaty of Tordesillas)

Focused on raw material collection, manufacturing, and exportation.

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5
Q

What was Christopher Columbus’s goal during his voyage?

A

To find a Western sea route to the East Indies for spices/materials

Accidentally discovered America in 1492.

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6
Q

What achievement is Ferdinand Magellan known for?

A

First crew to circumnavigate the globe in a three-year voyage

Magellan himself reached the Philippines before his death.

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7
Q

Where did the Spanish Maritime Empire dominate?

A

South/Central America, West Indies, Caribbean (West of Treaty of Tordesillas)

Focused on raw material collection, manufacturing, and exportation.

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8
Q

What was the purpose of the Dutch East India Company?

A

To protect Dutch trade in the Indian Ocean and assist in the Dutch war of independence from Spain

Founded in 1602.

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9
Q

What was the initial purpose of the British East India Company?

A

To serve as a trading body for English merchants in the East Indian spice trade

Established in 1600.

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10
Q

Who was John Cabot and what did he achieve?

A

Italian explorer who mapped the coast of the Americas while seeking a faster route to India

Explored for Spain.

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11
Q

What was Jamestown?

A

The first European Civilization in the Americas

Established by English settlers.

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12
Q

Who was Jacques Cartier?

A

The first European explorer to explore and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence

He was a French navigator and explorer.

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13
Q

What does the term Columbian Exchange refer to?

A

The exchange of Plants, Animals, Diseases, Peoples, and Cultures between continents

Significant impact on both the Old and New Worlds.

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14
Q

What was The Great Dying?

A

Around 90% of Native Americans died due to diseases brought by Europeans

A major consequence of European colonization.

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15
Q

What were the outcomes/impacts of the Columbian Exchange?

A
  • Many Native Americans died from new diseases
  • Europe gained new crops leading to a population boom
  • Slaves were brought to the Americas for increased production

Resulted in significant demographic and economic changes.

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16
Q

What was the Tokugawa Shogunate?

A

Military government that controlled Japan from 1603-1868

Centralized leadership under the shogun.

17
Q

How did the Dutch interact with Japan?

A

Opened up Japan’s ability to trade with others besides the Dutch

Japan was isolationist, trading only in one specific port.

18
Q

What role did Jesuit Missionaries play in China?

A

Made efforts to understand and integrate into Chinese culture to convert the elite, with limited success

Inspired by Matteo Ricci.

19
Q

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

Treaty between Spain and Portugal to divide the world into two halves to avoid war

Spain received the West and Portugal the East.

20
Q

What were the territorial gains of Portugal in the Americas?

A

Benefited from the slave trade and pushed boundaries of the Treaty of Tordesillas to control most of Brazil

This expansion was often at odds with the treaty.

21
Q

Where did Spain establish control in the Americas?

A

Central and parts of South America

Significant territories included areas of modern-day Mexico and Peru.

22
Q

What did Hernan Cortes achieve?

A

Conquered Tenochtitlan with less than 1,000 men using superior technology and alliances with rebel Aztecs

Key event in the fall of the Aztec Empire.

23
Q

What was Francisco Pizarro known for?

A

Wiped out the Incas in Peru, influenced by Cortes

His conquests led to the Spanish control of Peru.

24
Q

What does coercive labor refer to?

A

Labor that is forced or compelled, often for profit

Common practice in many colonial enterprises.

25
What was the Encomienda System?
A system that granted Spanish officials land to use coercive labor and convert natives ## Footnote Integral to Spanish colonial rule.
26
What is the Mita System?
Forced citizens to work instead of paying taxes, often for public works ## Footnote Used primarily in the Inca Empire.
27