unit 4 pt2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu, a central figure in early Portuguese Empire and 15th-century maritime expansion
Known for promoting exploration and navigation.
What significant achievement is Bartolomeu Dias known for?
First European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa in 1488
Demonstrated effective southward route for ships lies in the open ocean.
What was Vasco da Gama’s major contribution to exploration?
First European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia by ocean route
His voyage connected the Atlantic and Indian oceans.
Where did the Portuguese Maritime Empire dominate?
West/East coasts of Africa, Indian Ocean, Brazil (East of Treaty of Tordesillas)
Focused on raw material collection, manufacturing, and exportation.
What was Christopher Columbus’s goal during his voyage?
To find a Western sea route to the East Indies for spices/materials
Accidentally discovered America in 1492.
What achievement is Ferdinand Magellan known for?
First crew to circumnavigate the globe in a three-year voyage
Magellan himself reached the Philippines before his death.
Where did the Spanish Maritime Empire dominate?
South/Central America, West Indies, Caribbean (West of Treaty of Tordesillas)
Focused on raw material collection, manufacturing, and exportation.
What was the purpose of the Dutch East India Company?
To protect Dutch trade in the Indian Ocean and assist in the Dutch war of independence from Spain
Founded in 1602.
What was the initial purpose of the British East India Company?
To serve as a trading body for English merchants in the East Indian spice trade
Established in 1600.
Who was John Cabot and what did he achieve?
Italian explorer who mapped the coast of the Americas while seeking a faster route to India
Explored for Spain.
What was Jamestown?
The first European Civilization in the Americas
Established by English settlers.
Who was Jacques Cartier?
The first European explorer to explore and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence
He was a French navigator and explorer.
What does the term Columbian Exchange refer to?
The exchange of Plants, Animals, Diseases, Peoples, and Cultures between continents
Significant impact on both the Old and New Worlds.
What was The Great Dying?
Around 90% of Native Americans died due to diseases brought by Europeans
A major consequence of European colonization.
What were the outcomes/impacts of the Columbian Exchange?
- Many Native Americans died from new diseases
- Europe gained new crops leading to a population boom
- Slaves were brought to the Americas for increased production
Resulted in significant demographic and economic changes.
What was the Tokugawa Shogunate?
Military government that controlled Japan from 1603-1868
Centralized leadership under the shogun.
How did the Dutch interact with Japan?
Opened up Japan’s ability to trade with others besides the Dutch
Japan was isolationist, trading only in one specific port.
What role did Jesuit Missionaries play in China?
Made efforts to understand and integrate into Chinese culture to convert the elite, with limited success
Inspired by Matteo Ricci.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Treaty between Spain and Portugal to divide the world into two halves to avoid war
Spain received the West and Portugal the East.
What were the territorial gains of Portugal in the Americas?
Benefited from the slave trade and pushed boundaries of the Treaty of Tordesillas to control most of Brazil
This expansion was often at odds with the treaty.
Where did Spain establish control in the Americas?
Central and parts of South America
Significant territories included areas of modern-day Mexico and Peru.
What did Hernan Cortes achieve?
Conquered Tenochtitlan with less than 1,000 men using superior technology and alliances with rebel Aztecs
Key event in the fall of the Aztec Empire.
What was Francisco Pizarro known for?
Wiped out the Incas in Peru, influenced by Cortes
His conquests led to the Spanish control of Peru.
What does coercive labor refer to?
Labor that is forced or compelled, often for profit
Common practice in many colonial enterprises.