Unit 5

Question 2

What is Inflamation

Answer 2

cellular, tissue or vascular reaction to irritation, infection, or injury

Question 3

What is Phlegmon

Answer 3

inflammation of connective tissues

Question 4

Inflamations Functions:

Answer 4

-protective defense mechanism -isolates & destroys the invader -cleans up the debris to promote healing -DOES NOT include REPAIR

Question 5

Inflammation: Etiology

Answer 5

-physical irritants – trauma, burns, radiation -chemical irritants – e.g., irritating gases -infectious agents – viruses, bacteria -immunological reactions (autoimmune disease) – e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus

Question 6

What is the Inflammatory Process

Answer 6

Tissue injury triggers the following events: - tissue mast cells (white blood cells) release histamine –> vasodilation (increased diameter of blood vessel capillaries) –> hyperemia (increased blood flow to the area) –>formation of inflammatory exudate (thick liquid around infection site due to blood fluid leaking from blood vessel to tissue) –> edema - neutrophils and macrophages (white blood cells) move toward the site (chemotaxis) to destroy debris and bacteria (phagocytosis)

Question 7

What is Hyperemia

Answer 7

An increase in blood supply. This brings more WBC to the area - neutrophils (WBC) escape from blood vessel into the injured tissue by diapedesis (squeeze through the capillary wall) - phagocytosis (destroys microorganisms & foreign material) - suppuration (production & discharge of pus) ***pus = dead cell + exudate

Question 8

Inflammation: Cardinal Signs and Symptoms

Answer 8

Based on the steps of the inflammatory process, it explains the cause of: heat (calor)redness (rubor)swelling (tumor)pain (dolor)altered function (functio laesa)

Question 9

Inflammatory Lesion - Abscess

Answer 9

Abscess – localized, circumscribed accumulation of pus

Question 10

Inflammatory Lesion - Ulcer

Answer 10

Ulcer - open sore or lesion of skin (epidermis) or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

Question 11

Inflammatory Lesion - Vesicle

Answer 11

Vesicle - blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid

Question 12

Inflammatory Lesion - Furuncle

Answer 12

Furuncle (boil) - abscess or pyogenic (producing pus) infection of sweat gland or hair follicle

Question 13

Inflammatory Lesion - Carbuncle

Answer 13

Carbuncle - several communicating boils of skin & subcutaneous tissues with production & discharge of pus & dead tissue

Question 14

Inflammatory Lesion - Pustule

Answer 14

Pustule - small elevation of skin containing pus

Question 15

What is Exudate

Answer 15

• fluid mixture of proteins, leukocytes, and tissue debris - oozes through tissues into cavity or to surface

Question 16

Inflammatory Exudate - Serous

Answer 16

• Serous – clear serum-like fluid containing primarily fluid, with small amount of proteins, implies lesser injury (damage); e.g., skin blisters, cold sores

Question 17

Inflammatory Exudate - Purulent

Answer 17

• Purulent – largely inflammatory cells (neutrophils), tissue debris & pyogenic bacteria (pus)

Question 18

Inflammatory Exudate - Hemorrhagic

Answer 18

Hemorrhagic – increased number of red blood cells (due to damaged leaking blood vessels), often infected, very serious condition

Question 19

Inflammatory Exudate - Fibrinous

Answer 19

Fibrinous - rich in fibrinogen; coagulates and forms fibrin; produces a sticky film on surface of inflamed tissue; indicates larger injury; e.g., strep throat, bacterial pneumonia

Question 20

Inflammation: Resolution and Outcome

Answer 20

Resolution : termination of inflammatory response with the affected part returning to its normal state and function Repair: physical or mechanical restoration of damaged or diseased tissue by growth of healthy new cells, not necessarily the same type, or by surgery

Question 21

Results from Inflammation Repair

Answer 21

Regeneration – replacement of tissue by identical tissue; repair that leads to restoration of normal function; skin tissue replaced by epithelium (skin), bone tissue replaced by osteocytes (bone cells) division Scar formation – fibrous connective tissue repair, may occur in any tissue, does not restore function; e.g., brain, or heart tissue

Question 22

Dia

Answer 22

means “to go”

Question 23

Diabetes

Answer 23

disorders characterized by Hyperglycemia and Glucose Intolerance. Associated with excessive urination

Question 24

Diagnosis

Answer 24

The act or process of identifying or determining the nature and cause of a disease or injury through evaluation of patient history, examination, and review of laboratory data

Question 25

Dilatation

Answer 25

The act or process of expanding

Question 26

Diplobacilli

Answer 26

A rod-shaped bacterium occurring in pairs linked end to end.

Question 27

Diplococcus

Answer 27

spherical shaped bacteria occurring usually in pairs as a result of incomplete separation after cell division in a single plane.

Question 28

Disinfectant

Answer 28

an agent that disinfects, particularly one used on inanimate objects.

Question 29

Disinfection

Answer 29

the act of disinfecting, using specialized cleansing techniques that destroy or prevent growth of organisms capable of infection

Question 30

Diverticulosis

Answer 30

A condition where pouchlike sections that bulge through the large intestine's muscular walls but no inflammation occur. They may cause bleeding, stomach distress, and excess gas.

Question 31

Drug Fast

Answer 31

Relating to, characteristic of, or being microorganisms that resist or become tolerant to an antibacterial agent.

Question 32

Dry Gangrene

Answer 32

Gangrene that develops as a result of arterial obstruction and is characterized by mummification of the dead tissue and absence of bacterial decomposition.

Question 33

Dys

Answer 33

means "difficult"

Question 34

Dysplasia

Answer 34

Abnormal development or growth of tissues, organs, or cells.

Question 35

Dystrophy

Answer 35

any disorder due to defective or faulty nutrition

Question 36

Ecchymosis

Answer 36

The passage of blood from ruptured blood vessels into subcutaneous tissue, marked by a purple discoloration of the skin

Question 37

Ectasis

Answer 37

Dilation or distention of a tubular structure

Question 38

Ectomy

Answer 38

surgical removal of something, usually from inside the body.

Question 39

Ectopic

Answer 39

Out of place, as of an organ not in its proper position, or of a pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus

Question 40

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 40

In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg implants in a location outside the uterus and tries to develop there

Question 41

Edema

Answer 41

Edema is a condition of abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues between the body's cells (interstitial spaces).

Question 42

Emaciation

Answer 42

The process of losing so much flesh as to become extremely thin; wasting.

Question 43

Embolism

Answer 43

An embolism is an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream.

Question 44

Emesis

Answer 44

The act or process of vomiting

Question 45

Emia

Answer 45

means "blood condition"

Question 46

Empyema

Answer 46

The presence of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural cavity