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Pathology Units 5-8 > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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2
Q

Cellular Alterations

A

Permanent cellular changes triggered by adverse condition. Both non-neoplastic changes and neoplastic changes

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3
Q

Examples of Non-neoplastic Changes

A

Atrophy; Hypertrophy; hyperplasia; dysplasia (follows hyperplasia, altered size, shape and organization of cells); metaplasia (cell changes to anothercell type)

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4
Q

Neoplasm (tumor)

A

development of new type is cell with uncontrolled growth. Caused by genetic mutation due to exposure to carcinogen

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5
Q

Carcinogens : Genetic predisposition

A

colon, breast, prostate cancer

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6
Q

Carcinogens : Microbial carcinogen

A

Fungal toxins (on grains, nuts, peanut butter) Viruses (HPV, Hep B)

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7
Q

Carcinogens: Radioactive factors

A

UV rays; x-rays; alpha, beta, gamma rays

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8
Q

Carcinogens : Chemical carcinogen

A

asbestos, nickel, arsenic, formaldehyde, vinyl chloride (PVC)

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9
Q

Carcinogens : Hormones

A

estrogen and/or progesterone; testosterone

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10
Q

Carcinogens : Animal Carcinogen

A

Acrylamide (generated in fried or overheated carbohydrate food); residue on barbecued meats

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11
Q

Carcinogens : Personal risk behavior

A

Smoking & tobacco; diet; alcohol use; sexual behavior

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12
Q

Benign

A

Generally not terminal

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13
Q

Malignant

A

Life threatening tumors

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14
Q

Benign Neoplasm Characteristics

A

grow by expansion; resemble tissue of origin; encapsulated; does not metastasize; generally does not return after surgical removal; does not cause extensive tissue damage; does not cause whole body changes amd generally not fatal

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15
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

group of closely packed cells that cover surfaces, line body cavitites, form secretory parts of glands

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16
Q

Benign Epithelial Tissue : Adenoma

A

Glandular epithelium benign neoplasm

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17
Q

Benign Epithelial Tissue : Papilloma

A

tumor of skin or mucous membrane; warts, polyps

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18
Q

Benign Epithelial Tissue : Nevus

A

circumscribed vascular tumor of the skin due to hyperplasia of blood vessels, example : angioma, birthmarks

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19
Q

Benign Epithelial Tissue : Polyp

A

growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane. Examples: nose, uterus, rectum, vocal cords

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20
Q

Benign Epithelial Tissue : Consequences

A

Cause blockages when growing in passageways; when growing in enclosed area may press on normal tissue –>tissue death –>potential death of the individual

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21
Q

Benign Neoplasm : Connective Tissue

A

innervated, vascular tissue that connect, supposrt, protect, transport, and insulate

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22
Q

Benign Connective Tissue : Osteoma

A

bone tumor

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23
Q

Benign Connective Tissue : Chondroma

A

cartilage tumor; painless, slow growing, solid tumor that distorts shape in tissue..resembles cauliflower ear

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24
Q

Benign Connective Tissue : Lipoma

A

adipose tissue tumor (skin tag)

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25
Q

Benign Connective Tissue : Angioma

A

blood vessel or lymph vessel tumor

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26
Benign Connective Tissue : Hemangioma
benign blood vascular tissue
27
Benign Connective Tissue : Hematoma
tumor-like smelling filled with blood
28
Benign Connective Tissue : Fibroma
fibrous, encapsulates tissue; irregular in shape, firm consistency. Examples: jaws, pelvis, vertebrae
29
Benign Connective Tissue : Mastoid Osteoma
grows from mastoid process preoducing an external swelling
30
Connective Tissue : Lipoblastoma
Uncommon, usually recurrent benign tumor of embryonic adipose tissue that occurs predominantly in children; on the extremities, neck
31
Myoma
benign muscle tissue
32
Benign Muscle Tissue : Rhabdomyoma
striated (skeletal & cardiac) muscle tissue tumor; usually infants & young children, heart disorders
33
Benign Muscle Tissue : Leiomyoma
smooth muscle tissue tumor
34
Benign Nervous Tissue : Nueroma
tumor composed of nerve cells
35
Malignant Neoplasm (cancer) characteristics
grow by infiltration, metastasize creating secondary foci (locations); can reoccur when surgically removed;cause extensive tissue damage; cause total body changes, tumors do not resemble tissue surrounding it; lethal unless treated (most common cancers: lung, breast and colon)
36
Malignant Neoplasm : Epithelioma
(Carcinoma) malignant growth / tumor arising from epithelium
37
Epithelioma : Melanoma
pigmented mole or tumor; arise from pigment producing cells. Least common but most serious form of skin cancer
38
Epithelioma : Squamous Cell Carcinoma
tumore of epidermal (skin) squamous cells
39
Epithelioma : Basal Cell Carcinoma
tumor of the basal cells of epidermis (skin)
40
Epithelioma : Adenocarcinoma
arising from glandular (gland) organ
41
Epithelioma : Transitional Cell Carcinoma
tumor of the urinary bladder, urethra or renal pelvis (kidney)
42
Malignant Neoplasm : Sarcoma
tumor arising from CT
43
Sarcoma : Osteosarcoma
bone tumor
44
Sarcoma : Chondrosarcoma
cartilage tumor
45
Sarcoma : Liposarcoma
adiopose tissue tumore
46
Sarcoma : Angiosarcoma
Tumor of vascular (forming vessels) endothelial cells
47
Sarcoma : Fibrosarcoma
Tumor of fibrous tissue
48
Sarcoma : Lymphoma
Tumor of lymphatic system that arise in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue
49
Sarcoma : Leukemia
Tumor of blood forming structures/organs
50
Malignant Muscle Tissue : Rhabdomyosarcoma
tumor of striated muscle types
51
Malignant Muscle Tissue : Leiomyosarcoma
tumor of smooth muscle tissue
52
Malignant Nervous Tissue : Glioma
Tumor of neuroglail cells (nerve tissue)
53
Sites for Metastasis - Breast Cancer
Axillary lymph nodes, lung, liver, bone and brain
54
Sites for metastasis - Colorectal
Liver, Lung, Peritoneum
55
Sites for metastasis - Lung
Liver, brain, bone
56
Sites for metastasis - Ovarian
Peritoneum, diaphragm, liver, lungs
57
Sites for metastasis - Prostate
Bone
58
Sites for metastasis - Testicular
Lungs, liver
59
Cysts
abnormal closed sac-like structures that contain a liquid, gaseous, or semisolid substance. (Benign)
60
Baker Cyst
cyst found behind the knee (popliteal)
61
Ganglion Cyst
Joints and tendons
62
Chalazion Cyst
Cysts of the glands within the eyelid
63
Physiological Ovarian Cyst
Forming on normally functioning ovaries, most common, may become very large. Grapefruit Size
64
Neoplastic Ovarian Cyst
abnormal type not related to function.
65
Ovarian Cyst Symptoms
Low back pain; pelvic pain; Dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse)
66
Sebaceous Cyst
Produced by blocked sebum under the skin. Cannot form on the palms and soles.
67
Exudate
a fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation.
68
Facultative Aerobe
An anaerobic microorganism which can grow under aerobic conditions.
69
Facultative Anaerobe
An aerobic microorganism which can grow under anaerobic conditions.
70
Facultative Bacteria
facultative bacteria can live under aerobic, anoxic, or anaerobic conditions.
71
Facultative Saprophyte
an organism that is usually parasitic but may live as a saprophyte having the ability to be a parasite.
72
Febrile
Fever
73
Fibroma
a tumor composed mainly of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.
74
Focal Infection
A bacterial infection localized in a specific part of the body, such as the tonsils, that may spread to another part of the body
75
Fomite
An inanimate object or substance, such as clothing, furniture, or soap, that is capable of transmitting infectious organisms from one individual to another.
76
Fulminating
rapid, sudden, and severe, such as an infection, fever, or hemorrhage.
77
Functional
Affecting the physiological function but not the structure.
78
Fungus
Any of numerous eukaryotic organisms that reproduce by spores.
79
Fungicide
Kills fungal spores
80
Furuncle
A boil
81
Gangrene
the decay or death of an organ or tissue caused by a lack of blood supply.
82
Gastritis
inflammation of the lining of the stomach
83
Glomerulonephritis
an inflammatory disease of both kidneys predominantly affecting children from ages two to 12
84
General Infection
invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, as in an infectious disease
85
General Pathology
the branch of medicine dealing with the essential nature of disease, especially changes in body tissues and organs that cause or are caused by disease.
86
Genesis
"The origin"
87
Germicide
An agent that kills germs, especially pathogenic microorganisms; a disinfectant.
88
Goiter
Goiter refers to any visible enlargement of the thyroid gland.
89
Gross Pathology
refers to macroscopic manifestations of disease in organs, tissues, and body cavities.

Pathology Units 5-8 (4 decks)

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