Unit 5 - Part 1

Question 1

Affirmative Action

Answer 1

Label placed on institutional efforts to diversify by race or gender

Question 2

Label placed on institutional efforts to diversify by race or gender

Answer 2

Affirmative Action

Question 3

Brown v. Board of Education

Answer 3

Struck down segregation and overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson

Question 4

Struck down segregation and overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 4

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 5

Civil Liberties

Answer 5

personal freedoms, e.g., speech, assembly, religion.

Question 6

personal freedoms, e.g., speech, assembly, religion.

Answer 6

Civil Liberties

Question 7

Civil Rights

Answer 7

protections against discrimination.

Question 8

protections against discrimination.

Answer 8

Civil Rights

Question 9

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 9

ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

Question 10

ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

Answer 10

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 11

Clear and Present Danger Doctrine

Answer 11

judicial interpretation of Amendment 1 that government may not ban speech unless such speech poses an imminent threat to society.

Question 12

judicial interpretation of Amendment 1 that government may not ban speech unless such speech poses an imminent threat to society.

Answer 12

Clear and Present Danger Doctrine

Question 13

De Facto Segregation

Answer 13

segregation “by fact,” i.e., segregation that results from such factors as housing patterns rather than law.

Question 14

segregation “by fact,” i.e., segregation that results from such factors as housing patterns rather than law.

Answer 14

De Facto Segregation

Question 15

Defense of Marriage Act

Answer 15

Defined marriage at the national level and declared that states did not have to accept same-sex marriages recognized in other states

Question 16

Defined marriage at the national level and declared that states did not have to accept same-sex marriages recognized in other states

Answer 16

Defense of Marriage Act

Question 17

De Jure Segregation

Answer 17

segregation by law, i.e., segregation that is required by government.

Question 18

segregation by law, i.e., segregation that is required by government.

Answer 18

De Jure Segregation

Question 19

Double Jeopardy

Answer 19

being prosecuted twice for the same offense. Banned by Amendment 5.

Question 20

being prosecuted twice for the same offense. Banned by Amendment 5.

Answer 20

Double Jeopardy

Question 21

Due Process Clause

Answer 21

prohibits the national government (5th Amendment) and states (14th Amendment) from denying life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Question 22

prohibits the national government (5th Amendment) and states (14th Amendment) from denying life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Answer 22

Due Process Clause

Question 23

Equal Pay Act

Answer 23

Required employers to pay men and women the same wage for the same job

Question 24

Required employers to pay men and women the same wage for the same job

Answer 24

Equal Pay Act

Question 25

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 25

14th Amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination.

Question 26

14th Amendment clause that prohibits states from denying equal protection under the law, and has been used to combat discrimination.

Answer 26

Equal Protection Clause

Question 27

Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 27

Stated “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied on account of sex”

Question 28

Stated “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied on account of sex”

Answer 28

Equal Rights Amendment

Question 29

Eminent Domain

Answer 29

the right of government to take private property for the public good. Fair compensation must be paid to the owner of such property.

Question 30

the right of government to take private property for the public good. Fair compensation must be paid to the owner of such property.

Answer 30

Eminent Domain

Question 31

Engel v. Vitale

Answer 31

it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools

Question 32

it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools

Answer 32

Engel v. Vitale

Question 33

Establishment Clause

Answer 33

provision of Amendment 1 that prohibits Congress from establishing an official state religion. This is the basis for separation of church and state.

Question 34

provision of Amendment 1 that prohibits Congress from establishing an official state religion. This is the basis for separation of church and state.

Answer 34

Establishment Clause

Question 35

Exclusionary Rule

Answer 35

Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

Question 36

Supreme Court guideline that excludes the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.

Answer 36

Exclusionary Rule

Question 37

5th Amendment

Answer 37

Establishes that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation

Question 38

Establishes that no person shall be “deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation

Answer 38

5th Amendment

Question 39

14th Amendment

Answer 39

Declares that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States… are citizens”

Question 40

Declares that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States… are citizens”

Answer 40

14th Amendment

Question 41

Free Exercise Clause

Answer 41

provision of Amendment 1 stating that Congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion

Question 42

provision of Amendment 1 stating that Congress may not prohibit the free exercise of religion

Answer 42

Free Exercise Clause

Question 43

Gideon v. Wainwright

Answer 43

states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys

Question 44

states are required under the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution to provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys

Answer 44

Gideon v. Wainwright

Question 45

Grandfather Clause

Answer 45

Southern laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage by restricting the right to vote only to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1865.

Question 46

Southern laws that excluded blacks from exercising suffrage by restricting the right to vote only to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1865.

Answer 46

Grandfather Clause

Question 47

Griswold v. Connecticut

Answer 47

Supreme Court ruled that a state's ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy

Question 48

Supreme Court ruled that a state's ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy

Answer 48

Griswold v. Connecticut

Question 49

Incorporation

Answer 49

applying the Bill of Rights to the states. A “total incorporation” view is that the states must obey all provisions of the Bill of Rights because of the due process clause of the 14th A “selective incorporation” view is that the Bill of Rights is to be applied to the states in a more gradual manner on a case by case basis, also via the due process clause of the 14th Amendment.

Question 50

applying the Bill of Rights to the states. A “total incorporation” view is that the states must obey all provisions of the Bill of Rights because of the due process clause of the 14th A “selective incorporation” view is that the Bill of Rights is to be applied to the states in a more gradual manner on a case by case basis, also via the due process clause of the 14th Amendment.

Answer 50

Incorporation

Question 51

Indictment

Answer 51

grand jury order that a suspect must stand trial for a criminal offense.

Question 52

grand jury order that a suspect must stand trial for a criminal offense.

Answer 52

Indictment

Question 53

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 53

Southern laws that required racial segregation in places of public accommodation.

Question 54

Southern laws that required racial segregation in places of public accommodation.

Answer 54

Jim Crow Laws

Question 55

Lawrence v. Texas

Answer 55

Supreme Courtruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy are unconstitutional as a violation of the right to privacy

Question 56

Supreme Courtruled that state laws banning homosexual sodomy are unconstitutional as a violation of the right to privacy

Answer 56

Lawrence v. Texas

Question 57

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Answer 57

Court decided that the laws created an “excessive entanglement” between the state and the church; Created the Lemon Test

Question 58

Court decided that the laws created an “excessive entanglement” between the state and the church; Created the Lemon Test

Answer 58

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Question 59

Libel

Answer 59

written untruths that damage a reputation.

Question 60

written untruths that damage a reputation.

Answer 60

Libel

Question 61

Literacy Tests

Answer 61

Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring that voters prove their ability to read and write.

Question 62

Southern method of excluding blacks from exercising suffrage by requiring that voters prove their ability to read and write.

Answer 62

Literacy Tests

Question 63

Majority-Minority Districts

Answer 63

the majority of the constituents in the district are nonwhite or racial or ethnic minorities

Question 64

the majority of the constituents in the district are nonwhite or racial or ethnic minorities

Answer 64

Majority-Minority Districts

Question 65

Mapp v. Ohio

Answer 65

Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts

Question 66

Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts

Answer 66

Mapp v. Ohio