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unit 5 test/exam Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What is kinetic Molecular theory

A

all substances are composed of entities in constant and random motion

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2
Q

what is translational movement

A

straight line movement of entitites

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3
Q

what is rotational movement

A

entities that spin around

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4
Q

what is vibrational movement

A

entities that vibrate

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5
Q

what are the three types of movement

A

translational, rotational, vibrational

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6
Q

when an object is warmed, what happens to its entities

A

moves faster therefore greater kinetic energy and more warmth

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7
Q

What entity motion do solids have

A

vibrational

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8
Q

what entity motion does liquid have

A

all three

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9
Q

what entity motion does gas have

A

all three

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10
Q

what is the state of a compound effected by

A

intermolecular forces and temperature

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11
Q

As the temperature increases, more kinetic energy is created
and the particles move faster =

A

intermolecular forces break,
causing a change in state

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12
Q

when gas molecules move, they full any container they are placed in and

A

expert pressure

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13
Q

what is pressure

A

force per unit area measured in pascals

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14
Q

what is atmospheric pressure

A

force per unit area exerted on all objects, measured in kilopascals

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15
Q

d

A

decreases

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16
Q

if the volume on container increases

A

the pressure decreases

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17
Q

if the temperature increases

A

the pressure increases

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18
Q

what is the standard pressure

A

101.3 kPa

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19
Q

what is stp

A

the standard temperature and pressure to work with gasses

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20
Q

what is the ideal environment for STP

A

0 degrees and 101.3 kPa

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21
Q

0 degrees isn’t convent, so we use SATP, which is

A

stand ambient temperature and pressure (standard conditions in a lab)

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22
Q

what are the equvilants for
kPa = mmHg = Torr = atm

A

101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr = 1atm

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23
Q

how much is one psi equal to

A

6895 Pa

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24
Q

what does a greater gas density mean in terms of pressure

A

more collisions happen therefore higher pressure

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25
density of the atmosphere decreases as altitude
altitude increases (height above sea level) there is more pressure on earths surface
26
why do our ears hurt when flying up
the change in atmospheric pressure when altitude changes quickly
27
less pressure on the eardrums leads to what
volume of gas in the ears increase and presses the eardrum out
28
from closest to earth to furthest from earth, what are the four layers of atmospehere
troposphere, statosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
29
what is the warmest layer of atmosphere (layer that determines our weather)
troposphere
30
which layer of atmosphere has the highest concentration of ozone
stratosphere
31
what are the most common gases on earth
nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)
32
what is the purpose of the ozone in the stratosphere
to absorb harmful uv rays from the sun
33
why dont we want ozone in the troposhere
its a harmful air pollutant that damages lung tissue
34
what 3 other gases are found in the atmosphere other than ozone
argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour
35
what is the greenhouse effect
natural process where greenhouse gases trap radiation that warms earths surface
36
most important greenhouse gases
carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide
37
how have humans increased greenhouse gas production
production/use of fossil fuels
38
what is carbon sequestration
planting trees to remove carbon dioxide and store it
39
what is photochemical smog
smog formed when sunlight reacts with vehicle and factory emissions
40
why is smog exposure so bad
irritates eyes, worsens asthma, aggravates respiratory system
41
what is particulate matter
mix of solid and liquid particles
42
why is particulate msources of particulate matter
forrest fires, vehicle engines, industrial processes (e.g smelting)
43
three gas pollutants because of humans
carbon monoxide, nitrous oxides, sulfur dioxide
44
how is carbon monoxide made
comes from incomplete combustion (mainly cars)
45
how is nitrous oxides made
from burning fossil fuels and contributes to acid rain
46
how is sulfur dioxide make
from burning fossil fuels and contributes to acid rain
47
what are votive organic compounds
carbon containing compounds that evaporate easily
48
what are some VOC sources
gasoline, cresol sprays
49
ground level ozone is produced from the reaction of
nitrogen oxides and voc in sunlight
50
what are some indoor chemical pollutants
printer/ copiers, combustion in fireplaces
51
what is off gasing
release of gas from paint at room temps
52
menthana enters air through off gassing and combustion (cigars) what two products off gas it?
pressed wood products, plywood
53
what health risks correlate to methanal exposure
eye/nose irritation, allergic senility increased, nasal cancer
54
how does CO poisoning occur in the body
CO binds to hemoglobin, preventing O2 to be carried to blood
55
what are sources of CO
car exhaust, gas stoves fireplaces, tobacco smoke
56
what is a safe level of CO
2ppm
57
what is radon
colourless, orderless gas of the radioactive natural decay of uranium
58
what does long term radon exposure lead to
lung cancer
59
what are examples of biological pollutant
bacteria, mold, dust mites
60
human biological pollution
shed skin cells, airborne hair
61
how to get rid of biological pollutants
dehumidifiers
62
What is Charles law
when ↑temp, ↑volume
63
how to calculate kelvins
Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15
64
what is absolute zero
theoretical temperature where entities of material have no kinetic energy therefore have no thermal energy (equal to -273.15 C)
65
The forumla of Charles law
v1/t1 = v2/t2
66
What is Boyles Law
when ↑pressure, ↓volume
67
what is Boyles formula
P1V1 = P2V2
68
What is Gay-Lussacs law
discovered water was hydrogen and oxygen. ↑temp = ↑pressure
69
What is gay lussacs formula
p1/t1 = p2/t2
70
what is combined gas law used for
if all factors change
71
what is combined gas law formula
p1v1/t1 = p2v2/t2
72
what is avogadros law
volume of gas is proportional to amt of gas
73
what is avogadros formula
v1/n1=v2/n2
74
1 mole of any gas is (L) at STP
22.4L at STP
75
volume is proportional to
moles
76
according to Boyles, volume is proportional to
1/pressure
77
according to Charles law, volume is proportional to
temperature
78
according to all three laws, volume is proportional to
Tn/p
79
what is the ideal gas law
PV= nRT
80
what does R equal
8.31 kPa x L/mol x K
81
John Dalton figured out that
total pressure of gas mixture = sum of partial pressure of individual gases (must be non-reactive gases)
82
what other theory did John dalton make
atomic theory (items are made up of atoms)
83
What is John daltons formula
PT=p1+p2+p3+pn
84
what is the molar volume of SATP
24.8L/mol
85
what is meant by ideal gas
perfectly follows all conditions: - High translational energy - elastic collisions (no loss kinetic energy) - no volume - no attractive/repulsive forces - do not condense into liquids when cooled
86
There is no such thing as ideal gas? why?
its the gases beauty standard, its a reference model to find real gases approximate behaviour under normal conditions. its just convenient simplification to help predict gas behaviours.
87
a gas behaves most like an ideal gas under... why?
high temperatures and low pressure high temp: more kinetic energy, overcome attractive forces, no intermolecular forces means behaves more ideally Low pressure:gas is further apart, volume of particles becomes almost insignificant compared to occupied space. Also collides less often to reduce impact of intermolecular attractions/repulsions
88
what is molar volume
volume occupied per mole at a temp and pressure

Chem (11 decks)

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