unit 6 Flashcards
(58 cards)
1
Q
what are the potential areas of organisational change (6)
A
- culture
- mission
- strategy
- infrastructure
- technologies
- internal processes
2
Q
what are the 7 reasons for organisational change
A
- new priorities
- customer needs
- new technologies
- new opportunities
- crisis management
- competitor activities
- new leadership team
3
Q
what are the 6 potential impacts on the business if they fail to change when needed
A
- loss of key customer base
- loss of market position held
- removal of senior management
- loss of stakeholders’ confidence
- loss of important skills/employees
- failure to attract skilled new talent
4
Q
what are the driver for change (6)
A
- aligns to the reasons for change
- focuses on business/leadership priorities
- supports survival, growth and globalisation
- focuses on customer needs and preferences
- supported by human resources professionals
- sets new objectives and key performance indicators
5
Q
what are the HR responsibilities in change management
A
- ensuring employee voice is included
- create clear lines of communication
- conduct job redesign
- help overcome resistance with support measures
6
Q
what are the impacts of changing customer needs
A
- always open 24/7 culture
- influencers empowering consumers
- E-commerce free next day delivery
- self-service options
- customer needs are the core drivers for change
7
Q
what are the 3 competitive drivers
A
- apply to specific projects (critical to success)
- advocate change (the need for future success)
- integrate change management (embedded in processes)
8
Q
what are some technological drivers
A
- new/innovative products
- changes to operations
- streamlines processes
- enhances performance
9
Q
what can create a sense of urgency for change
A
- current system/products/ processes must change
- perceived as a threat/criticism creates resistance
10
Q
how do we respond for change
A
- expect change
- plan for it
- embrace it
- build a change culture
11
Q
what is incremental improvement
A
- small steps made over time
- marginal improvements
- constant tweaks and change
12
Q
what is quantum improvement
A
- big breakthroughs
- at a specific point in time
- changes everything at once
13
Q
what are the 4 types of innovation
A
- sustained innovation
- breakthrough innovation
- disruptive innovation
- basic research
14
Q
what are 4 benefits of continuous improvement
A
- increase sales
- increase efficiency
- improve product quality
- higher customer satisfaction
15
Q
what are the 8 step in continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- focus
- explore
- select
- design
- action
- assess
- create
- refocus
16
Q
what is included in step 1: focus in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- SMART objectives
- expected end goals
- success measures
- KPIs
17
Q
what is included in step 2: explore in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- innovate ways to develop ideas
- include staff team
- use Kaizen and TQM
18
Q
what is included in step 3: select in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- prioritise teams ideas
- best options to meet objectives
- carry out cost vs benefit
- predict results
19
Q
what is included in step 4: design in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- create an implementation plan
- set milestones for review
- set track and monitoring
- conduct small trails
20
Q
what is included in step 5: action in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- launch implementation plan
- track performance
- support teams
- motivate and keep on track
21
Q
what is included in step 6: assess in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- review results of implementation
- predicted results vs real ones
- on track? on time? to budget?
- objectives achieved?
22
Q
what is included in step 7: create in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- what worked well
- what didn’t work
- further improvements
- further suggestions gathered
23
Q
what is included in step 8: refocus in the continuous improvement and innovation process
A
- new/additional improvements
- taken through the process from start
- the continuous improvement process
24
Q
what are the 6 components of kaizen
A
- Sets up quality circles
- relies on small step changes
- focuses on methods and processes
4, uses Ishikawa/fishbone diagram tool - Uses everyday ideas from the workforce
- Employees are experts in their own field
25
what structure is used in Kaizen
fishbone diagram
26
what does TQM stand for
Total quality management
27
what is TQM
an internal continuous process of reducing or eliminating errors in production, servicing and processing business activities
28
what are the 6 TQM requirements
1. committed leadership
2. customer focused
3. staff empowerment
4. improvement culture
5. process management
6. relationship management
29
what are the 7 TQM actions
1. design
2. build
3. deploy
4. control
5. measure
6. review
7. improve
30
what does DOWNTIME stand for
Defects
Overproduction
Waiting
Non-utilised talent
Transportation
Inventory
Motion
Extra process
31
what are the 5 key factors in change models
1. framework for organisational change
2. provide guidance to making change
3. help navigate the change process
4. embed new best-known practice
5. ensure change is accepted
32
what are Kotter's 8 steps
1. increase urgency
2. create coalition
3. communicate
4. communicate often and consistently
5. remove barrier, keep moving
6. focus on short-term wins, not end result
7. build on the change
8. anchor into culture/embed change
33
what are 2 advantages of Kotter's theory
1. easy to follow simple step-by-step process
2. gathers constructive feedback to act on
34
what are 2 disadvantages of Kotter's theory
1. some steps aren't clear
2. time consuming to plan and implement
35
what are the 3 steps of Lewin's change management model
1. unfreezing
2. changing
3. refreezing
36
what are 2 advantages of Lewin's change model
1, easy to use - no extensive training
2. simple and clear
37
what are 2 disadvantages of Lewin's change model
1. too simple - lacks detail
2. to rigid - not enough flexibility
38
what are the 4 categories of the nudge theory
1. provide a reason to change
2. plant alternative behaviours
3. provide opportunities to practice
4. give regular feedback
39
what are 2 advantages for the nudge theory
1. empower individuals
2. better results for people
40
what are 2 disadvantages for the nudge theory
1. could lead to less effort
2. potential for inappropriate use
41
what are the 7S in McKinsey 7S model
1. strategy
2. structure
3. systems
4. skills
5. staff
6. style
7 shared values
42
what are 2 advantages of McKinsey 7S model
1. helps elements to align
2. analyses each element in detail
43
what are 2 disadvantages for McKinsey 7S model
1. time consuming
2. focuses only on the internal elements
44
what are the 5 causes for resistance to change
1. gear of failure
2. emotional reasons
3. unrealistic deadlines
4. poor communication
5. lack of trust/confidence
45
What does ADKAR stand for
Awareness
Desire
Knowledge
Ability
Reinforcement
46
what are the 6 stages of grief
1. shock
2. denial
3. anger
4. bargaining
5. depression
6. acceptance
47
what are the 8 stages of change in the Kubler-Ross change curve
1. shock
2. denial
3. anger
4. bargaining
5. depression
6. experiment
7. decision
8. acceptance
48
what are 2 advantages of the Kubler-Ross change curve
1. unbiased
2. supports other change models
49
what are 2 disadvantages of the Kubler-Ross change curve
1. doesn't consider people moving at different paces
2. not clear how each stage affects the next
50
what is project management
the process of initiating, planning and utilising all the resources required to bring a specific successful conclusion
51
what re the 7 processes of project management
1. initiating project
2. setting deliverables
3. scoping the project
4. implementation plan
5. managing resources
6. risk management
7. monitoring and reporting
52
why is project management important (3 reasons)
1. gives directions
2. plans budget
3. aligns team actions and deliverables
53
what are the 4 phases of project management
1. initiation
2. planning
3. implementation
4. completion
54
what does the initiation phase in the project management phases include
- identify deliverables
- consider priorities and constraints
- scape what is/isn't included
- consider risks
- present project proposal documents to clients
55
what does the planning phase in the project management phases include
- create a project blueprint
- create detailed plan
- identify team members responsible for each task
- include every resource/information point needed
56
what does the implementation phase in the project management phases include
- set up tasks/ manage team members
- move tasks from do/doing/done
- track progress
- monitor critical path
- communicate project progress regularly with clients
57
what does the completion phase in the project management phases include
- analyse performance against objectives
- lessons learnt and what might be improved
- handover all project deliverables to clients
- team members and other resources released
58
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