UNIT 6 Flashcards
1
Q
In every culture, the transition to adulthood involves crossing the line from adolescence into adulthood.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
2
Q
. The transition to adulthood is the same in every culture.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
3
Q
Globally, the transition to adulthood has changed dramatically since the 1950s due to:
a. economic recession.
b. economic expansion.
c. social liberalism.
d. social and economic forces.
A
d. social and economic forces.
4
Q
College and work training are ________________________ processes culturally designed to prepare young people for the transition to adulthood.
a. socialization
b. acculturation
c. assimilation
d. accommodation
A
a. socialization
5
Q
In societies that have been influenced by rapid economic and social change since the 1950s, the transition to adulthood is now:
a. shorter.
b. longer.
c. earlier.
d. faster
A
b. longer.
6
Q
Spending longer periods of time in the transition to adulthood before getting married and living with a spouse has led to a significant increase in new living arrangements such as:
a. cohabitation.
b. coresidence.
d. living together apart.
e. living together away.
A
a. cohabitation.
7
Q
The new transition to adulthood reflects broad changes in social:
a. motives.
b. norms.
c. standards.
d. statuses.
A
b. norms.
8
Q
The Japanese seijen seiki is a ____________ ceremony that unites the culture in a shared understanding of the age at which young people make the transition to adulthood.
a. religious
b. rite of passage
c. childhood
d. school
A
b. rite of passage
9
Q
Broadly speaking, cultures vary in the extent to which becoming adult is a shared social event or is determined by:
a. parents.
b. local authorities.
c. religious leaders.
d. individuals.
A
d. individuals.
10
Q
If non-Western countries follow in the path of changes that have taken place in the United States, we can expect to see a global ________ in __________.
a. increase; age at first birth
b. decrease; age at first birth
c. increase; high school graduation rates
d. decrease; high school graduation rates
A
a. increase; age at first birth
11
Q
If recent changes in the transition to adulthood were to dramatically swing in the opposite direction, what would we see?
a. Average age at high school graduation would decrease.
b. Average age at college graduation would increase.
c. The age at marriage would increase.
d. The age at birth of first child would decrease.
A
d. The age at birth of first child would decrease.
12
Q
______________________ is the name of the new, twenty-first century stage of lifespan human development proposed to fall in between adolescence and young adulthood.
a. Early adulthood
b. Postadolescence
c. Late adolescence
d. Emerging adulthood
A
d. Emerging adulthood
13
Q
Emerging adulthood is a new developmental stage discovered to exist only in the United States.
a. True
b. False
A
b. False
14
Q
Five features of emerging adulthood distinguish this developmental stage from others that come before and those that follow.
a. True
b. False
A
a. True
15
Q
One feature of emerging adulthood, __________________, is evidenced by numerous changes young people make in where they live, the jobs they have, and the people with whom they are in relationships during these years.
a. instability
b. identity exploration
c. feeling in-between
d. a time of possibilities
A
a. instability
16
Q
Emerging adulthood is an economically vulnerable period of the lifespan due to the fact that during periods of economic stress, they are more likely to experience _________________ compared to older adults.
a. long work hours
b. overnight shifts
c. unemployment
d. poor management
A
c. unemployment
17
Q
The following question summarizes a point of debate concerning the influence of emerging adulthood on lifespan human development: Does the increase in the number of years spent in emerging adulthood represent a normal stage of development or:
a. privileged adulthood?
b. failed adulthood?
c. atypical adulthood?
d. delayed adulthood?
A
d. delayed adulthood?
18
Q
Based on what you know about global employment trends, in response to a news article that reads “Emerging adults refuse to work,” an informed response to the article might be that unemployment in emerging adulthood is not an active choice; rather, the trend is influenced by:
a. large amounts of student loan debt.
b. a lack of job opportunities.
c. social policies that deter employment.
d. social pressure to do volunteer work.
A
b. a lack of job opportunitie
19
Q
Cote’s counterargument to the theory of emerging adulthood fundamentally debates Arnett’s assertion that emerging adulthood:
a. is unique to the twenty-first century.
b. is a distinct stage of lifespan development.
c. involves a developmental crisis.
d. is evidence of delayed development.
A
b. is a distinct stage of lifespan development.
20
Q
Research on emerging adulthood around the globe reveals variation between _____________ in the criteria that define what it means to be an adult.
a. men and women
b. religious groups
c. cultural groups
d. political groups
A
c. cultural groups
21
Q
An intervention program designed to support emerging adult development would focus on supporting:
a. exploration of opportunities.
b. commitment to a value system.
c. educational achievement.
d. relationship stability.
A
a. exploration of opportunities.
22
Q
From a developmental perspective, self-focus in emerging adulthood should be interpreted as a sign of _________________ adjustment.
a. delayed
b. accelerated
c. unhealthy
d. healthy
A
d. healthy
23
Q
Entry into young adulthood is marked by:
a. turning 25.
b. turning 30.
c. commitments to adult roles and responsibilities.
d. completion of the school-to-work transition
A
c. commitments to adult roles and responsibilities.
24
Q
In the United States, the vast majority of individuals have made the transition to young adulthood by age:
a. 20.
b. 25.
c. 30.
d. 35.
A
c. 30.
25
Young adulthood is defined by commitments to adult roles and responsibilities.
a. True
b. False
a. True
26
Trajectories describing the ages at which young people achieve markers of increasing responsibility for self (e.g., graduating, getting a job, partnering, having a baby) indicate that young people take ___________ pathways to young adulthood.
a. similar
b. different
c. straight
d. predictable
b. different
27
If a young person has graduated and is steadily employed, we can assume that he is:
a. making progress toward establishing intimate relationships.
b. failing to make progress establishing intimate relationships.
c. overfocused on career advancement.
d. underfocused on establishing intimate relationships
a. making progress toward establishing intimate relationships.
28
On average, progress toward adult roles and responsibilities ________________from the late teens through the late 20s.
a. increases unsteadily
b. increases linearly
c. increases and then decreases
d. decreases then increases
b. increases linearly
29
By age 30, approximately what percentage of young adults are financially independent?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 90%
d. 90%
30
30. By age 30, approximately what percentage of young adults has married?
a. 25%
b. 50%
c. 75%
d. 90%
b. 50%
31
By definition, making progress toward adult roles and responsibilities involves an increase in independence and a decrease in __________ dependence on parents.
a. emotional
b. instrumental
c. financial
d. cognitive
c. financial
32
With respect to the age at which young adults make commitments to adult roles, family socioeconomic status, gender, and race ________________ the age at which transitions occur.
a. delay
b. accelerate
c. influence
d. determine
c. influence
33
Which of the following role commitments is reached last by the majority of young adults?
a. financial independence
b. residential independence
c. commitment to a partnership
d. becoming a parent
d. becoming a parent
34
Individuals continue to physically develop into their 20s.
a. True
b. False
a. True
35
Vitality refers to the capacity to:
b. prevent disease.
c. recover from disease.
c. die.
d. live.
d. live.
36
Senescence refers to a gradual decline in:
a. memory systems.
b. cognitive systems.
c. physical systems.
d. neurological systems
c. physical systems.
37
The 20s are described as a period of peak vitality, which suggests that young people in their 20s:
a. are in worse physical condition than in any other life stage.
b. are in better physical condition than in any other life stage.
b. have the potential to gain strength needed to be in top physical condition in middle adulthood.
c. have the potential to lose strength needed to be in top physical condition in middle adulthood.
b. are in better physical condition than in any other life stage.
38
An executive functioning deficit in activation makes _______________ challenging for a college student.
a. sustaining attention to complete assignments that aren’t intrinsically interesting
b. staying engaged and alert during a lecture
c. defining a project goal and managing the steps it takes to successfully complete the project
d. tolerating frustration and negative emotions that arise during an exam
c. defining a project goal and managing the steps it takes to successfully complete the project
39
Unintentional injury in emerging adulthood may be associated with an executive function deficit in action, manifesting as heightened:
a. impulsivity.
b. inattentiveness.
c. initiative.
d. indecisiveness.
a. impulsivity.
40
Evidence of pruning in the prefrontal cortex through the 20s may be observed watching emerging adults:
a. use their executive system more efficiently.
d. use their executive system less efficiently.
c. manage their basic regulatory processes less efficiently.
d. manage their basic regulatory processes more efficiently.
a. use their executive system more efficiently.
41
Emerging adults can directly influence the health of their own brain development by:
a. regulating the expression of their genes.
b. making decisions not to abuse substances.
c. following the advice of their parents.
d. accepting advice of their peers
b. making decisions not to abuse substances
42
The fact that the brain is not fully mature until emerging adulthood has implications for laws that dictate minimum age requirements for:
a. employment.
b. receiving unemployment benefits.
c. driving.
d. any law that dictates the minimum age requirement to gain a legal right.
d. any law that dictates the minimum age requirement to gain a legal right.
43
Loss of gray matter in the brain through the 20s indicates:
a. decreased functioning the temporal lobe.
b. decreased functioning in the parietal lobe.
c. continued maturation in the occipital lobe.
d. continued maturation in the frontal lobe.
d. continued maturation in the frontal lobe.
44
Brain maturation in emerging adulthood primarily results in:
a. less communication within the right hemisphere.
b. more communication within the right hemisphere.
c. more communication between brain regions.
d. less communication between brain regions
c. more communication between brain regions
45
Growth of the skeletal system continues at the same pace through childhood, adolescence and emerging adulthood?
a. True
b. False
b. False
46
The skeletal system is completely mature for the average person by age:
a. 18.
b. 21.
c. 25.
d. 30
c. 25.
47
When adult height is reached, sex differences in height reflect the developmental norm; on average:
a. men are taller than women.
b. women are taller than men.
c. men reach full height in adolescence; women reach full height in emerging adulthood.
d. women reach full height in adolescence; women reach full height in emerging adulthood.
a. men are taller than women.
48
The skeletal system is _______________ around age 25.
a. fully mature
b. partially mature
c. rapidly aging
d. rapidly maturing
a. fully mature
49
Adult height is primarily determined by:
a. muscle-to-bone ratio.
b. muscle mass.
c. bone length.
d. bone density.
c. bone length.
50
For all emerging adults, accumulation of bone mass through age 30 is valuable against loss of bone mass due to:
a. normative aging in the future.
b. bone disease in the future.
c. overexertion in emerging adulthood.
d. substance use in emerging adulthood.
a. normative aging in the future.
51
Calcium levels are important in emerging adulthood because adequate intake during these years is essential for optimizing:
a. skeletal vitamin density.
b. skeletal mineral density.
c. bone vitamin density.
d. bone mineral density
d. bone mineral density
52
In emerging adulthood, the rate at which we gain bone tissue is _____________ the rate at which we lose bone tissue.
a. about equal to
b. unrelated to
c. higher than
d. lower than
a. about equal to
53
In emerging adulthood, healthy behaviors that promote skeletal health are _____ those that maintain the muscular system.
a. different from
b. the same as
c. more important than
d. less important than
b. the same as
54
In emerging adulthood, bone growth ceases as a function of the reduction in _________________, a primary catalyst in bone production.
a. hormones, primarily estrogen
b. hormones, primarily testosterone
c. enzymes, primarily lactase
d. enzymes, primarily protease
a. hormones, primarily estrogen
55
Programs designed to slow skeletal aging in later adulthood see emerging adulthood as an age period during which healthy eating, regular exercise, hormonal balance, and _______________ are key elements of successful prevention efforts.
a. auditory health
b. vision health
c. mental health
d. dental health
c. mental health
56
_______________ of the epiphyseal plates explains why height is determined in emerging adulthood.
a. Softening
b. Hardening
c. Lengthening
d. Merging
b. Hardening
57
The reproductive system is mature by emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
58
Unlike many other biological systems, there are significant differences in the reproductive systems of male and female emerging adults.
a. True
b. False
a. True
59
The reproductive system reaches full maturity in:
a. adolescence.
b. emerging adulthood.
c. young adulthood.
d. middle adulthood
a. adolescence.
60
Reproductive health is determined by:the:
a. availability of free health care for medical treatment related to conception and child birth.
b. freedom to conceive and terminate pregnancies without social judgment.
c. freedom to conceive and terminate pregnancies without legal restriction.
d. capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.
d. capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.
61
Comparing emerging and young adults who are in committed partnerships to those who are single, sexual activity is ______________ among those who are in committed partnerships.
a. less frequent
b. more frequent
c. less planned
d. more planned
b. more frequent
62
By the beginning of emerging adulthood, approximately _________ are sexually active.
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 90%
c. 50%
63
Infertility is a serious reproductive health issue for couples who desire a pregnancy. Relatively speaking, infertility problems are often due to:
a. unexplained biological causes.
b. nonbiological causes.
c. multiple, complex biological causes.
d. simple, identifiable causes.
c. multiple, complex biological causes.
64
Delayed prenatal care and premature birth are two risk factors associated with emerging adult pregnancies, directly associated with the fact that the majority of pregnancies are:
a. undetectable.
b. difficult to detect.
c. intentional.
d. unintentional.
d. unintentional.
65
To optimize natural fertility and reduce the likelihood that she will have difficulties associated with age-related infertility, a woman should plan to have children before age:
a. 30.
b. 35.
c. 40.
d. 45
c. 40.
66
In emerging adulthood, sexual activity is ________________ than in young adulthood.
a. more closely tied to emotional health
b. less closely tied to emotional health
c. more closely tied to reproductive goals
d. less closely tied to reproductive goals
d. less closely tied to reproductive goals
67
Learning to ___________________ is a sign of developmental maturation, that is, a signal that the emerging adult is taking responsibility for directing his or her own life.
a. enjoy sexual activity
b. abstain from sexual activity
c. seek advice from peers about sexuality
d. prevent unwanted sexual activity outcomes
d. prevent unwanted sexual activity outcomes
68
According to advances in theories of cognitive development, cognitive development continues into and through emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
69
Gerontologists are developmental scientists who study emerging adult cognitive development.
a. True
b. False
b. False
70
The stage of cognitive development most associated with emerging adulthood is:
a. formal operational.
b. formal constructivist.
c. postformal.
d. constructivist.
c. postformal.
71
Postformal thought develops in emerging adulthood:
a. under conditions of opportunity.
b. under all conditions.
c. among those who attend college after high school.
d. among those who enter the labor force after high school.
a. under conditions of opportunity.
72
As postformal thinking is developing, parents are likely to describe the thinking of their emerging adult children as:
a. more accurate and less opinionated.
b. more accurate and more opinionated.
c. less flexible and more practical.
d. more flexible and more practical.
d. more flexible and more practical.
73
Exploring possibilities and opportunities in emerging adulthood accelerates cognitive maturation toward thinking that heavily relies on:
a. magical thinking.
b. life experiences.
c. emotional intelligence.
d. abstract thinking.
b. life experiences.
74
An emerging adult who makes significant gains in postformal thinking is more likely to operate from the core belief that her beliefs are:
a. not absolute truths, but rather one way of seeing the world.
b. not absolute truths, but educated opinions valued only by educated people.
c. educated opinions that should be taught to others.
d. educated opinions that should be kept private.
a. not absolute truths, but rather one way of seeing the world.
75
Emerging adults demonstrating evidence of cognitive development in the direction of postformal thinking will be able to express a growing awareness for and appreciation of:
a. the universality of cultural belief systems.
b. the diversity of cultural belief systems.
c. the dominance of certain cultural belief systems,.
d. clashing belief systems between cultures
b. the diversity of cultural belief systems.
76
In her work that led her to challenge Piagetian theory, Labouvie-Vief recognized that adults were reasoning from ________________ when they provided an incorrect answer on a Piagetian task.
a. emotion-focused memories
b. cognitively distorted memories
c. life experiences
d. abstract experiences
c. life experiences
77
Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study changed the way we understand cognitive development in emerging adulthood by challenging Piaget’s assertion that cognitive development:
a. continued through the 60s.
b. continued through the 30s.
c. was complete by adolescence.
d. continued through emerging adulthood.
c. was complete by adolescence.
78
One indicator of cognitive regression during emerging adulthood is:
a. increased rigidity.
b. decreased rigidity.
c. increased avoidance.
d. decreased avoidance.
a. increased rigidity.
79
Worldview refers to the lens an emerging adult develops, through which he or she sees and interprets the world.
a. True
b. False
a. True
80
During emerging adulthood, individuals develop either an accurate or inaccurate worldview.
a. True
b. False
b. False
81
According to Perry, college students’ thinking becomes:
a. more black-and-white.
b. less black-and-white.
c. less consistent.
d. more consistent
b. less black-and-white.
82
According to Perry’s theory, when a college professor encourages a student to use less either/or thinking, the professor is challenging the limitations of:
a. multiplicity.
b. relativistic thinking.
c. postformal thinking.
d. dualism.
d. dualism.
83
```
.
According to Perry, as college students move toward multiplicity, they become more likely to recognize their own and others’ knowledge as:
a. objective.
b. subjective.
c. reductionistic.
d. constructivist
```
b. subjective.
84
According to Perry, the _______________ level of thinking is characterized by beliefs that one’s own opinions and those of others differ due to personal values, experiences, and knowledge.
a. most common
b. least common
c. lowest
d. highest
d. highest
85
Cognitive development is associated with advances in reasoning about social justice issues in emerging adulthood because cognitive development gives rise to:
a. forensic development.
b. moral development.
c. logical reasoning.
d. emotion-focused reasoning.
b. moral development.
86
College students who reach a level of relativistic thinking view expertise as an outcome of:
a. communicating opinion.
b. questioning knowledge.
c. memorizing facts.
d. evaluating evidence.
d. evaluating evidence
87
According to Perry, a college student who is annoyed that his professor doesn’t respect his opinion as equal to the professor’s own opinion is operating at a level of cognitive:
a. dualism.
b. multiplicity.
c. relativism.
d. division.
b. multiplicity.
88
If parents were to make the same mistake Kohlberg did, they would interpret changes in the way their emerging adult college students’ thinking as regression rather than temporary:
a. depression.
b. disequilibrium.
c. assimilation.
d. accommodation.
b. disequilibrium.
89
From a cognitive development perspective, a college student who feels overwhelmed with the challenges of transitioning to college may feel “lost” and disoriented due to the:
a. temporary loss of a stable worldview.
b. permanent loss of s stable worldview.
c. dominance of dualistic worldview.
d. dominance of a relativistic worldview
a. temporary loss of a stable worldview.
90
Creativity decreases in emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
b. False
91
Emerging adulthood is a stage of the lifespan associated with creative potential.
a. True
b. False
a. True
92
The potential to make a creative contribution ______________ through the 20s.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. stabilizes
d. fluctuates
a. increases
93
Emerging adults high in creativity demonstrate an ability to ____________ new ideas or things.
a. generate
b. tolerate
c. explore
d. predict
a. generate
94
Examples of creative works generated by emerging adults are found:
a. only in the sciences.
b. only in the arts.
c. in a variety of disciplines.
d. in traditional disciplines.
c. in a variety of disciplines.
95
As the transition to adulthood has become more individualized and less structured, it is arguable that creativity has become a ______________ characteristic.
a. more socially valuable
b. less socially valuable
c. more noticeably male
d. more noticeably female
a. more socially valuable
96
The way to determine whether an emerging adult is developing creative talents or pursuing a pleasurable hobby involves assessing and evaluating whether the conditions are ripe for nurturing the specific __________________ interaction that results in creative productivity.
a. gene x environment
b. gene x biology
c. training x environment
d. training x education
a. gene x environment
97
Child and adolescent health influences health in emerging and young adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
98
Healthy lifestyle behaviors in emerging and young adulthood can reduce health risks.
a. True
b. False
a. True
99
ow morbidity in emerging adulthood describes the low rate of _____________ from ages 18 to 30.
a. disorder
b. disease
c. disability
d. dysfunction
b. disease
100
Taking a life course health approach is valuable because it allows us to view emerging adult health in the context of:
a. childhood and adolescence.
b. adulthood.
c. the entire life course.
d. the transition to adulthood..
c. the entire life course.
101
A life course health approach is useful for understanding not only the development of disease, but also the ____________ in emerging adulthood.
a. promotion of health
b. standards of health
c. treatment of disease
d. prevention of disease
a. promotion of health
102
Emerging adults who manage their sleep patterns, monitor their food intake, and maintain a health weight are using ____________________ skills to promote their own health.
a. self-soothing
b. self-management
c. self-regulation
d. self-control
c. self-regulation
103
Emerging adults who have poor sleep habits, poor diets, and weight problems are likely to have general deficits in:
a. self-esteem.
b. self-control.
c. self-regulation.
d. self-awareness.
c. self-regulation.
104
According to the life course heath model, health differences in emerging adulthood are an outcome of: exposure to:
a. risk factors.
b. protective factors.
c. risk and protective factors only during prior developmental stages.
d. risk and protective factors during prior developmental stages and in emerging adulthood.
d. risk and protective factors during prior developmental stages and in emerging adultho
105
Rates of mortality are low in emerging adulthood compared to later stages of adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
106
High-risk behaviors are the most common cause of death in emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
107
With respect to mortality rates across later stages of adulthood, in emerging adulthood mortality is:
a. low and decreasing.
b. low and increasing.
c. high and decreasing.
d. high and increasing
b. low and increasing.
108
The leading cause of death in emerging adulthood is:
a. heart disease.
b. cancer.
c. suicide.
d. unintentional injury
d. unintentional injury
109
The second and third leading causes of death in emerging adulthood reflect a need to reduce rates of ________________________ in this age group.
a. suicide and homicide
b. heart disease
c. cancer
d. unintentional injury
a. suicide and homicide
110
The fact that males die at a higher rate in emerging adulthood reflects the fact that:
a. homicide and suicide are perpetrated by males.
b. risk behavior is gendered in emerging adulthood.
c. homicide is a risk for males, whereas suicide is a risk for females.
d. homicide is perpetrated by males against females.
b. risk behavior is gendered in emerging adulthood.
111
In emerging adulthood, reducing the death rate would involve reducing rates of:
a. homicide.
b. suicide.
c. unintentional injury.
d. self-harm
c. unintentional injury.
112
If we graphed “potential years of life lost” at all ages after age 18, the line would be:
a. highest in emerging adulthood, decreasing across adulthood.
b. lowest in emerging adulthood, decreasing across adulthood.
c. high in emerging adulthood, stable across adulthood.
d. low in emerging adulthood, stabile across adulthood
a. highest in emerging adulthood, decreasing across adulthood.
113
Psychiatric disorders are more common in emerging adulthood than in later stages of adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
114
Mood disorders are the most common type of psychiatric disorder diagnosed in emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
b. False
115
The most common types of psychiatric disorder in emerging adulthood, each of which affects nearly one quarter of emerging adults, are:
a. anxiety and substance use disorders.
b. mood and substance use disorders.
c. substance use disorders and ADHD.
d. ADHD and anxiety disorders.
a. anxiety and substance use disorders.
116
Physical health problems commonly __________________ psychiatric disorders in emerging adulthood.
a. develop after
b. precede onset of
c. co-occur with
d. increase risk for
c. co-occur with
117
Impulse control disorders occur in approximately _____ of the emerging adult population.
a. 2%
b. 5%
c. 10%
d. 25%
c. 10%
118
Psychiatric disorders that commonly first appear in emerging adulthood are often:
a. mild.
b. moderate.
c. severe.
d. simple
c. severe.
119
Understanding that psychiatric disorders are “the chronic diseases of youth” suggests that most psychiatric disorders in emerging adulthood are:
a. not first episodes.
b. physical diseases.
c. outcomes of earlier physical disease.
d. delayed diseases of childhood.
a. not first episodes.
120
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual is used to __________________ psychiatric disorders.
a. diagnose
b. treat
c. estimate the prevalence of
d. describe
a. diagnose
121
. All emerging adults experience some distress making the transition to adulthood, but there is cause for concern that a psychiatric disorder may be interfering with the ability to function when there is __________________ feelings, thoughts, and behaviors associated with the distress.
a. a secretive nature to the
b. a failure to report
c. a pattern of
d. no pattern of
c. a pattern of
122
During emerging adulthood, although normative, the temporary lack of commitments to an identity, relationships and roles may need to be promoting a sense of ________________ because it is a known protective factor against psychiatric disorder.
a. identifying future roles
b. connection with community
c. educational achievement
d. work-life balance
b. connection with community
123
During emerging adulthood, individuals become less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors.
a. True
b. False
a. True
124
Poor health habits in emerging adulthood have the potential to undermine health in later adulthood as well.
a. True
b. False
a. True
125
In emerging adulthood, two “modifiable health risk behaviors” that need to be decreased to improve health involve the reduction of:
a. psychiatric disorder and emotional problems.
b. suicide and homicide.
c. unintentional and intentional injury.
d. tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption
d. tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption
126
In emerging adulthood, two “modifiable health risk behaviors”’ in emerging adulthood that need to be increased to promote health involve:
a. more exercise and more sleep.
b. more exercise and less sleep.
c. more exercise and better nutrition.
d. more sleep and better nutrition
c. more exercise and better nutrition
127
Rates of substance use in emerging adulthood have __________________ over the past decade.
a. decreased significantly
b. increased significantly
c. remained relatively steady
d. fluctuated significantly
c. remained relatively steady
128
Most emerging adults who use substances:
a. develop substance use disorders.
b. do not go on to develop substance use disorders.
c. develop mood disorders.
d. develop anxiety disorders.
b. do not go on to develop substance use disorders.
129
Which of the following is a criterion of substance use disorder?
a. taking substances in increasing amounts
b. wanting but not managing to cut down on the substance use
c. experiencing cravings and urges to use the substance
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
130
Some researchers suggest that substance use in emerging adulthood is so common because it is associated with normative development in that it promotes:
a. engagement in social activities.
b. healthy behaviors to “undo” unhealthy behavior.
c. healthy exploration and experimentation.
d. development of coping strategies.
c. healthy exploration and experimentation
131
In emerging adulthood, becoming involved in a romantic relationship is associated with ______________ physical activity.
a. a decrease in
b. an increase in
c. stable levels of
d. fluctuation in levels of
a. a decrease in
132
The following is one type of physical activity that does not decrease from adolescence into emerging adulthood:
a. running.
b. ball sports (e.g., basketball, softball).
c. dancing.
d. walking.
d. walking.
133
The majority of emerging adults meet the minimum requirements for healthy levels of physical activity per day.
a. True
b. False
b. False
134
The recommended amount of physical activity an emerging adult should get is ______________minutes a day.
a. 15
b. 30
c. 45
d. 60
d. 60
135
Approximately what percentage of emerging adult college students meet the minimum recommended daily guidelines for physical activity?
a. 10%
b. 15%
c. 45%
d. 65%
c. 45%
136
The benefits of physical activity in emerging adulthood include:
a. better cardiovascular health.
b. improvements in mental health.
c. healthier bones and muscles.
d. all of the choices
.
| d. all of the choices
137
The benefits of physical activity in emerging adulthood are clear, yet research has yet to determine whether better physical health is a(n)_________________ of physical activity levels.
a. cause or effect
b. direct or indirect benefit
c. accurate indicator
d. accurate predictor
a. cause or effect
138
Emerging adulthood is also an “in-between” stage with respect to physical activity because physical activity:
a. decreases from adolescence through emerging adulthood.
b. increases from adolescence through emerging adulthood.
c. decreases after emerging adulthood.
d. increases after emerging adulthood
a. decreases from adolescence through emerging adulthood.
139
. In emerging adulthood, young people become less likely to react with:
a. shame or blame.
b. guilt or anger.
c. anxiety or anger.
d. anxiety or worry.
c. anxiety or anger.
140
Gains in the ability to _____________________ scaffold increased emotion regulation in emerging adulthood.
a. pause when a feeling is experienced
b. evaluate the cause of an emotional state
c. mediate the behavioral reaction to an emotional state
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
141
From the late teens through the 20s, emerging adults experience a decrease in negative emotionality.
a. True
b. False
a. True
142
At the transition to parenthood, lesbian couples are more likely than opposite-sex couples to organize household and childcare responsibilities by:
a. taking equal responsibility for paid work and in-home family responsibilities.
b. giving one partner all the work responsibilities; one partner is assigned the home and family care responsibilities.
c. hiring extra help in the home.
d. reducing the number of hours each works outside the home.
a. taking equal responsibility for paid work and in-home family responsibilities.
143
According to Gottman, at the transition to parenthood, couples at greatest risk for experiencing problems are those that:
a. didn't plan to have a baby.
b. had been trying to have a baby for 2 or more years.
c. were not close before the baby.
d. were close before the baby
c. were not close before the baby.
144
The transition to parenthood influences the relationship between new parents and their social world in the following way:
a. Parents regain closeness as they transition into the grandparent role.
b. Close friends remain a source of social support.
c. Infant caretakers may join the family microsystem.
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
145
At the transition to parenthood, heterosexual couples are more likely than same-sex couples to organize household and childcare responsibilities:
a. along traditional gender lines.
b. against traditional gender lines.
c. depending on who has more family leave time.
d. depending on who wants to do the tasks.
a. along traditional gender lines.
146
In the United States approximately _______ of babies are born to married couples.
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 25%
c. 50%
147
Although only 10% of emerging adults expect to remain childless, by the mid-40s, ____ of women and ___ of men have not had a biological child.
a. 15%; 25%
b. 20%; 30%
c. 35%; 50%
c. 50%; 75%
a. 15%; 25%
148
Having a baby reduces the amount of stress and conflict a couple experiences.
a. True
b. False
b. False
149
The average age of a first-time mother in the United States is around age 26.
a. True
b. False
a. True
150
Young adults are waiting longer than in past decades before having a first child.
a. True
b. False
a. True
151
Despite having strong feelings of love for Eric, when Samantha left for college two states away and Eric decided to stay in their hometown, Samantha broke off the relationship predicting that they would:
a. grow less similar due to different experiences.
b. not enjoy a long-distance relationship.
c. be too tempted by other partnerships.
d. not be able to help one another on a daily basis.
a. grow less similar due to different experiences.
152
Since the 1990s, social opinions concerning the right for same-sex couples to get married have become:
a. more accepting.
b. less accepting.
c. more conflicted.
d. less polarized.
a. more accepting.
153
Emerging and young adults who desire a same-sex partnership and marriage are looking for similar things in terms of a relationship as those who want to commit to an opposite-sex partner.
a. True
b. False
a. True
154
Emerging and young adults who are coupled through arranged marriages are not consulted on what qualities each values in a partner.
a. True
b. False
b. False
155
Elements of a healthy marriage, for example, ______________ translates into health and socioeconomic advantages.
a. separateness
b. equality
c. openness
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
156
Since the 1960s, the proportion of emerging and young adults who marry has:
a. increased.
b. decreased.
c. stayed the same.
d. fluctuated significantly.
b. decreased.
157
Health advantages in emerging adulthood and beyond are associated with:
a. not being married.
b. being married.
c. delaying marriage.
d. early marriage
b. being married.
158
Emerging and young adult couples who are not married may share the same type of love as those who are married, but they receive fewer ________________ rewards and rights.
a. social
b. legal
c. financial
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
159
. As a romantic relationship moves closer to a committed partnership, a couple’s love is likely to transform from romantic love to companionate love to:
a. passionate love.
b. consummate love.
c. fatuous love.
d. all of the choices
b. consummate love.
160
As emerging and young adults establish romantic partnerships, past experiences with and exposure to __________________ is a key risk factor predicting which couples will experience intimate partner conflict and violence.
a. peer problems and bullying
b. conflict and abuse in the family-of-origin
c. strong religious beliefs
d. neighborhood stress and violence
b. conflict and abuse in the family-of-origin
161
Intimate partner violence involves _________________ against a victim by a current or former partner or spouse.
a. physical harm
b. sexual harm
c. psychological harm
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
162
Over _______ of emerging and young adults have experienced intimate partner violence.
a. 15%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
d. 40%
163
. ______________ disorders are particularly insidious in relationships; they cause problems in romantic relationships and bring indirect stress to relationships due to the problems the disorder leads to with friends, family, and coworkers. i
a. Mood
b. Substance
c. Anxiety
d. Personality
d. Personality
164
In emerging adulthood, relationship _______________ is a signal that a relationship is unhealthy and that one or both partners is ambivalent about terminating the relationship.
a. stagnation
b. churning
c. stagnation
d. cheating
b. churning
165
Emerging adults need healthy ________________ to guide them to select relationships that satisfy their emotional and psychological needs.
a. interpersonal schemas
b. coping skills
c. conflict resolution skills
d. social support networks
a. interpersonal schemas
166
Partner conflict increases from the late teens through the mid-20s and then decreases.
a. True
B. False
a. True
167
Romantic relationships in emerging adulthood may be a source of fulfillment, but may also be a source of stress.
a. True
b. False
a. True
168
Over the past 30 years, society has become___________________ of cohabitation in emerging and young adulthood.
a. more morally accepting
b. less morally accepting
c. more politically supportive
d. less politically supportive
a. more morally accepting
169
As marriage has become delayed and less common over the past 50 years, _________________ become more common in emerging adulthood.
a. longer engagements have
b. cohabitation has
c. early parenthood has
d. intergenerational living has
b. cohabitation has
170
Emerging adults looking for same-sex partners are more likely to ________________ compared to emerging adults looking for opposite sexual partners.
a. go to frat parties
b. go to bars
c. search online
d. search at work
c. search online
171
The rate of “hooking up” is ________________ in emerging adulthood.
a. equivalent for males and females
b. higher for males
c. higher for females
d. unknown with respect to males versus females
a. equivalent for males and females
172
Although elements of their romantic relationships had faded away, Jane and Ellen stayed together because they remained ______________. That is, they continued to value the investment each was making in the other and the future.
a. intimate
b. passionate
c. selective
d. committed
d. committed
173
Passion, defined as _____________________, is one element of consummate love.
a. lust, physical attraction, and sexual desire
b. sharing values, feelings, and beliefs
c. investment in exclusivity and a shared future
d. none of the choices
a. lust, physical attraction, and sexual desire
174
Over _______ of college students report “having hooked up.”
a. 15%
b. 35%
c. 50%
d. 75%
c. 50%
175
“Hooking up” is a term that refers to _______________ without relationship commitment.
a. friendship
b. sexual activity
c. romantic love
d. safe sex
b. sexual activity
176
Despite media hype, not all emerging adult relationships are “hook-ups.” In fact, researchers found five different types of romantic relationships that vary as a function of:
a. timing, frequency, and duration.
b. intimacy, passion, and commitment.
c. warmth and control.
d. liking, infatuation, and empty love.
a. timing, frequency, and duration
177
Making commitments to romantic partners is a task associated with:
a. emerging adulthood.
b. young adulthood.
c. both emerging and young adulthood.
d. neither emerging nor young adulthood.
b. young adulthood.
178
Couples maximize their relationship satisfaction the more they are similar with respect to:
a. ethnicity.
b. education level.
c. religion.
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
179
. Finding a partner who is similar to oneself is not unpredictable; the _______________ mating process influences partner selection.
a. assortative
b. consummate
c. preferential
d. selective
a. assortative
180
. According to Sternberg, there are_______ dimensions of consummate love.
a. two
b. three
c. five
d. seven
b. three
181
Consummate love is different from parent–child love and love for friends; consummate love refers to romantic love.
a. True
b. False
a. True
182
Love is not a simple, but rather a complex, concept that means different things to different emerging and young adults.
a. True
b. False
a. True
183
It is particularly important for women to make and maintain friendships that last through emerging and young adulthood because women tend to turn to their friends for ____________________, in contrast to males who tend to rely less on their friends for this.
a. instrumental support, for example, moving
b. emotional support and connection, for example, through life transitions
c. physical intimacy, for example, hugs
d. physical activity, such as exercising together
b. emotional support and connection, for example, through life transitions
184
In heterosexual partnerships, it is more common for couples to spend time with the friends of the female partner. This is because:
a. men tend to have fewer friends who like to socialize.
b. women have fewer friends who like to socialize.
c. women tend to have more friends than men.
d. men tend to have more friends than women.
c. women tend to have more friends than men.
185
By 2012, over __________ of emerging adults (ages 18–29) was a member of at least one online social networking site.
a. 25%
b. 40%
c. 60%
d. 80%
d. 80%
186
Some fears have emerged over the use of social networking sites to maintain and build relationships in emerging and young adulthood. Among these concerns is:
a. detraction from face-to-face interactions.
b. identity theft.
c. Internet stalking.
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
187
Emerging adults (ages 18–29) use social networking sites to build and maintain their social support systems at a rate that is ________________ the rate among young adults (ages 30–49).
a. higher than
b. lower than
c. the same as
d. double
a. higher than
188
Online social relationships increase the amount of ___________________ emerging and young adults feel with respect to their interactions with others.
a. commitment
b. comfort
c. control
d. connection
c. control
189
The majority of emerging and young adults are likely to belong to at least one social network site (SNS) which has, in general, had a positive effect on the way emerging and young adults:
a. add to their social support networks.
b. count friendships.
c. spend holidays.
d. spend time off from work
a. add to their social support networks.
190
Which of the following are three dimensions of emerging adult friendships?
a. intimacy, isolation, integrity
b. intimacy, integrity, communion
c. communion, agency, individuation
d. communion, intimacy, agency
c. communion, agency, individuation
191
Key factors in the development of long-term friendships in adulthood include selecting others for friends who:
a. share a similar level of attractiveness.
b. are geographically close.
c. share similar political values and lifestyle values.
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
192
Deep, meaningful friendships in emerging adulthood predict better adjustment in the 20s.
a. True
b. False
a. True
193
In general, emerging adults spend a great deal of time with their friends.
a. True
b. False
a. True
194
A healthy functioning family experiences the transition to adulthood as a:
a. normative stage of the family life cycle.
b. crisis in the family life cycle.
c. stage during which dramatic change indicates healthy functioning.
d. stage during which dramatic change indicates dysfunction.
a. normative stage of the family life cycle.
195
In general, emerging and young adult children ______________________from their parents.
a. report receiving high levels of support
b. report a lack of support
c. want less emotional support
d. prefer financial over emotional support
a. report receiving high levels of support
196
Within families, adult children who are making less progress becoming self-sufficient are _____________likely to receive support.
a. more
b. less
c. equally
d. not at all
a. more
197
On average, emerging adults’ relationships with their parents ________________ after adolescence.
a. improve
b. deteriorate
c. stay the same
d. become more distant
a. improve
198
Approximately __________________of emerging and young adult children report receiving at least some form of emotional support form their parents.
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 35%
b. 75%
199
Approximately __________________of emerging and young adult children report receiving at least some form of financial support from their parents.
a. 100%
b. 75%
c. 50%
d. 35%
d. 35%
200
Parents provide emotional support to their emerging and young adult children in the following way:
a. parents listening and giving advice.
b. parents listening and paying for counseling.
c. parents getting counseling to help adult child.
d. parents asking an informed friend to help adult child
a. parents listening and giving advice.
201
Parents provide support to emerging and young adult children in the following way:
a. loans and gifts of money.
b. payment of tuition and related fees.
c. help with bills or rent.
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
202
The stage of the family life cycle that corresponds with emerging adulthood is the __________________ stage.
a. later family life
b. leaving home
c. family with adolescents
d. childless couple
b. leaving home
203
Family relationships change dramatically at the transition from adolescence into emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
204
In emerging adulthood, relationships shape and are shaped by identity development.
a. True
b. False
a. True
205
If a parent observes her 28-year-old son becoming less neurotic, more conscientious, and more agreeable, she can assume that his development is:
a. normative for his age and stage.
b. delayed for his age and stage.
c. undermining his mental health.
d. interfering with becoming adult
a. normative for his age and stage.
206
Given that making commitments to roles and responsibilities reduces what is unknown about one’s future, it makes sense that ___________________ decreases in emerging adulthood and beyond.
a. neuroticism
b. conscientiousness
c. agreeableness
d. extraversion
a. neuroticism
207
A good piece of friendship advice for emerging adults is:
a. “It’s normal for your friend’s personality to change.”
b. “It’s not normal for your friend’s personality to change.”
c. “Intervene (seek help) if your friend’s personality is changing less than yours.”
d. “Intervene (seek help) if your friend’s personality is changing more than yours.”
a. “It’s normal for your friend’s personality to change.”
208
Compared to emerging adults, the personalities of young adults change:
a. less.
b. more.
c. the same.
d. unpredictably
a. less.
209
In emerging adulthood, personality pathways are influenced by:
a. the stability of life in the 20s.
b. the flux of life in the 20s.
c. norms determined by parents.
d. norms determined by society.
b. the flux of life in the 20s.
210
Average trends in personality traits through emerging adulthood provide ________________ information about individual personality development.
a. a great deal of
b. very little
c. the same
d. different
b. very little
211
In emerging adulthood, on average, ___________________ tend to decrease.
a. extraversion and agreeableness
b. agreeableness and conscientiousness
c. extraversion and neuroticism
d. extraversion and openness to experience
d. extraversion and openness to experience
212
In emerging adulthood, on average, ____________________ tend to increase.
a. extraversions and openness to experience
b. extraversion and conscientiousness
c. conscientiousness and agreeableness
d. agreeableness and neuroticism
c. conscientiousness and agreeableness
213
Personality change in emerging and young adulthood is described best as:
a. changing through the 20s, stabilizing in the 30s.
b. changing through the 20s and 30s.
c. stabilizing through the 20s and 30s.
d. stabilizing prior to the 20s, changing after the 20s
a. changing through the 20s, stabilizing in the 30s.
214
Personality changes less in emerging adulthood than it does at later stages of adulthood.
a. True
b. False
b. False
215
Personality remains under construction; that is, it is still developing through emerging adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
216
A counselor understands that her client, John, age 32, is struggling because he has not found a life partner. When the counselor asks John what he did last Friday night, she was not surprised to learn that he:
a. went out to dinner with a group of friends.
b. stayed home alone in his apartment.
c. played poker with his roommates.
d. attended a friend’s wedding
b. stayed home alone in his apartment.
217
If a young adult is grappling with the questions, “Who am I?” and “What can I become?” we can assume that difficulty achieving intimacy can at least partially be attributed to:
a. stagnation.
b. isolation.
c. role confusion.
d. inferiority
c. role confusion.
218
Intimacy, according to Erikson, has little to do with:
a. marriage.
b. identity.
c. romantic partnerships.
d. sharing self
a. marriage.
219
Resolving the crisis intimacy versus isolation involves _________________ in partnership with another.
a. continuing with identity development
b. revising identity
c. learning to share self
d. learning to protect one’s self
c. learning to share self
220
Which of the following describes “intimacy” according to Erikson?
a. physical intimacy
b. intellectual intimacy
c. emotional intimacy
d. all of the choices
d. all of the choices
221
If a young adult is having difficulty resolving the psychosocial task of development associated with young adulthood, she might describe feeling:
a. not knowing what she wants to do with her life.
b. a sense of wanting to “give back” to others.
c. loneliness and disconnection from life.
d. extreme contentment with being single
c. loneliness and disconnection from life.
222
The healthy resolution of the psychosocial task of young adulthood is achieved when a young adult can answer “yes” to the question:
a. Can I find meaning in life?
b. Can I work?
c. Can I love?
d. Can I parent?
c. Can I love?
223
From the psychosocial perspective, a young adult who successfully achieved a sense of identity in adolescence and emerging adulthood is more likely to achieve _______________ in young adulthood.
a. integrity
b. intimacy
c. industry
d. inferiority
b. intimacy
224
Healthy resolution of Erikson’s sixth stage of psychosocial development in young adulthood results in the ability to:
a. get married.
b. cohabitate.
c. find a romantic partner.
d. share oneself with another.
d. share oneself with another
225
The psychosocial crisis of personality development associated with young adulthood is intimacy versus isolation.
a. True
b. False
a. True
226
According to Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory, personality development faces a normative crisis in young adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
227
An emerging adult patient at the college counseling center reports that she has been to the health center numerous times complaining of headaches and stomachaches but the doctors there “don’t know anything.” Her MMPI indicates high:
a. schizophrenia and depression.
b. depression and hypochondriasis.
c. hypochondriasis and paranoia.
d. paranoia and social introversion
c. hypochondriasis and paranoia.
228
If an emerging adult wanted to go into broadcast journalism, a Myers-Briggs inventory that described her personality as __________________ would be an indicator that she would succeed in this career field.
a. INFJ
b. ENFJ
c. ENTJ
d. INTJ
b. ENFJ
229
An emerging adult is complaining that his roommate is always wanting to “tag along,” and that he’s talkative, full of energy, and always high-fiving and hugging. You can use your knowledge of the Big Five to explain that his roommate is highly:
a. extroverted.
b. introverted.
c. agreeable.
d. neurotic
a. extroverted.
230
An emerging adult who is negligent, lazy, disorganized, and often late will score low on the _____________ dimension of the Big Five.
a. openness
b. conscientiousness
c. extroversion
d. agreeableness
b. conscientiousness
231
An emerging adult who is trusting, lenient, soft-hearted, and good-natured scores high on the _____________ dimension of the Big Five.
a. openness
b. conscientiousness
c. extroversion
d. agreeableness
d. agreeableness
232
Personality inventories can help describe personality, but also some can be used to determine if an individual’s personality is:
a. immature.
b. in crisis.
c. pseudomature.
d. pathological.
d. pathological.
233
A personality inventory can be useful to emerging adults with respect to career development because they provide information about _________________ that can be strengths in some jobs and weaknesses in others.
a. traits
b. styles
c. scores
d. types
a. traits
234
In combination, the Big Five personality traits are organized into unique patterns that determine an emerging adult’s personality:
a. style.
b. type.
c. profile.
d. fit.
c. profile.
235
Personality is a combination of _________________characteristics that determine how a person, thinks, feels, and acts.
a. attitudinal
b. emotional
c. emotional and behavioral
d. emotional, behavioral, and attitudinal
d. emotional, behavioral, and attitudinal
236
The Big Five refers to five major dimensions of personality that can be used to describe the personality of all emerging adults.
a. True
b. False
a. True
237
Personality plays a role in determining how an individual will experience the transition to adulthood.
a. True
b. False
a. True
238
According to the concept of the Quarterlife Crisis, all emerging adults experience a crisis because they feel pressure to:
a. refine and organize their personal identity.
b. resolve all of their mental health problems.
c. confront their parents about unresolved issues from childhood.
d. complete previously unresolved psychosocial crises.
a. refine and organize their personal identity.
239
The universal crisis associated with emerging adulthood is known as “The Quarterlife Crisis.”
a. True
b. False
b. False
240
. Which of the following circumstances is most likely associated with a severe episode of psychiatric disorder in emerging adulthood?
a. genetic predisposition for psychopathology; mild stress in college
b. genetic predisposition for psychopathology; severe stress in college
c. no genetic risk for psychopathology; moderate stress in college
d. no genetic risk for psychopathology; severe stress in college
b. genetic predisposition for psychopathology; severe stress in college
241
Under which conditions are we most likely to see a healthy functioning emerging adult make a smooth transition to adulthood?
a. no genetic risk for psychopathology and low-stress completing college
b. no genetic risk for psychopathology and mild-stress completing college
c. genetic risk for psychopathology and low-stress completing college
d. all of the choices
a. no genetic risk for psychopathology and low-stress completing college
242
The diathesis-stress model asserts that psychiatric disorder in emerging adulthood arises out of the interaction between genetic risk:
a. inherited from mother.
b. inherited from father.
c. from both parents.
d. x environmental stress
d. x environmental stress
243
In the general population, on average, mental health in emerging adulthood:
a. increases.
b. decreases.
c. stays the same.
d. fluctuates.
a. increases.
244
Self-efficacy,or __________________, is associated with mental health in emerging adulthood.
a. personal responsibility
b. belief in one’s ability
c. moral integrity
d. self-awareness
b. belief in one’s ability
245
Another term for mental health, proposed by Keyes, is:
a. achievement.
b. thriving.
c. flourishing.
d. adaptation.
c. flourishing.
246
. Mental health is defined by the absence of problems.
a. True
b. False
b. False
247
Emerging adults with high levels of mental health report an overall predominance of positive feelings and positive functioning in life.
a. True
b. False
a. True
248
Based on research evidence, good advice to give to an emerging adult who wants to decrease risk of unemployment is:
a. “match your education and training with your career goal.”
b. “match your career goals with a family member’s career.”
c. “explore many college majors before you graduate.”
d. “wait until you are 1 year from graduation to decide on a career goal.”
a. “match your education and training with your career goal.”
249
When Sam’s boyfriend came into the apartment and yelled at his partner Sean because the mail had fallen on the floor, he was able to cognitively reappraise his behavior, which led him to:
a. tell Sean they needed to take time apart.
b. throw the mail away.
c. apologize for not letting Sean have an opportunity to pick up the mail.
d. apologize and explain that he was stressed at the number of bills in the mail.
d. apologize and explain that he was stressed at the number of bills in the mai
250
The transition-to-work is stressful for emerging and young adults when unemployment and _______________ are common.
a. intense trainings
b. start-up failures
c. underemployment
d. tax burdens
c. underemployment
251
In addition to gaining knowledge and gaining skills, college students improve their chances of doing well in their careers if they learn how to:
a. avoid stress altogether.
b. manage stress effectively.
c. use substances moderately.
d. use only prescribed substances.
b. manage stress effectively.
252
Most college students report feeling emotional stress, including feelings of being overwhelmed, depressed, lonely, and hopeless:
a. once a semester.
b. once or more each month.
c. during midterms and final exams.
d. after returning from holiday break.
b. once or more each month.
253
Among college students, ______________ is the primary impediment to academic performance.
a. sleep problems
b. drinking too much
c. relationship problems
d. stress
a. sleep problems
254
The ability of an emerging or young adult to reevaluate the cause of an emotional state and mediate a behavioral response is an indicator of his or her ability to use cognitive:
a. reappraisal.
b. dissonance.
c. avoidance.
d. defenses
a. reappraisal.
255
In emerging adulthood, there is a decrease in ______________ behavior.
a. reactive
b. constrained
c. prosocial
d. controlled
a. reactive
