Unit 6: European Imperialism & Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Liberalism

Answer 1

A political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise.

Question 2

Nationalism

Answer 2

Pride for your country - you believe your country is better and more important.

Question 3

The Concert of Europe

Answer 3

An understood agreement between the powers of Europe to operate in a way that did not upset the political balance in Europe.

Question 4

Giuseppi Garibaldi

Answer 4

Was a Haitian patriot/soldier, fought for the unification of Italy.

Question 5

Militarism

Answer 5

A reliance on military strength.

Question 6

Realpolitik

Answer 6

Politics of reality, used by Otto von Bismarck

Question 7

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 7

Was the prime minister of Prussia, ignored protocol and used realpolitik, organized German states into one.

Question 8

Queen Victoria

Answer 8

Victorian Age is named after her, ruled for 63 years, had many profitable colonies

Question 9

Authoritarian rule

Answer 9

Complete government control without civil liberties

Question 10

Capitalism

Answer 10

An economic system where individuals or companies own and control businesses and resources, aiming to make profits through competition in a free market, rather than government control.

Question 11

Karl Marx

Answer 11

Intrested in philosphies of society, made communist manifesto to speak about a better societal system, fought against capitalism

Question 12

Socialism

Answer 12

A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 13

Communism

Answer 13

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Question 14

How did the Industrial Revolution lead to the rise of Capitalism?

Answer 14

New machines made it easy for mass production with little competition. Owners of major factories exploited workers, making huge profits and promoting individual economic growth.

Question 15

How did the Industrial Revolution lead to the rise of Socialism?

Answer 15

The Industrial Revolution introduced Capitalism, which created distinct social classes. The people who disliked these classes advocated for a more equal economy, and opted for socialism.

Question 16

Imperialism

Answer 16

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Question 17

Settler’s colony

Answer 17

The conquerors lived in the colony.

Question 18

Non-settlers colony

Answer 18

The conquerors did not live in the colony.

Question 19

Direct colony

Answer 19

The imperialist takes control of the land, government, and economy.

Question 20

Indirect colony

Answer 20

The imperialist only controls the economy/trade.

Question 21

4 motives for imperialism

Answer 21

Reliable raw resources, room to spread out cities, military/naval bases, civilizing mission.

Question 22

How did the Industrial Revolution boost Imperialism?

Answer 22

Created a mechanical military race, canals assist global trade/travel.

Question 23

Sepoy Rebellion

Answer 23

Cultures in the Mughal Empire didn’t want to use pig/cow fat for weaponry, and rebelled against the British.

Question 24

Scramble for Africa

Answer 24

European nations fought over African colonies due to abundant raw materials and slave trade. Opressed the natives.

Question 25

The Berlin Conference

Answer 25

It was established to divide Africa among the European nations, did not consider African tribes or thoughts.

Question 26

Concessionary companies

Answer 26

Private companies were granted large concessions of territory which empowered them to undertake economic activities.

Question 27

Pros of concessionary companies

Answer 27

Allowed the Europeans to exploit colonies.

Question 28

Cons of concessionary companies

Answer 28

Forced brutal labor which resulted in backlash from home country, had minimal profit

Question 29

3 results of imperialism

Answer 29

Imperialistic nations maximized profits of colonies by manipulating and exploiting the natives, countries were economically unbalanced, labor migrations

Question 30

Charles Darwin

Answer 30

Created the theory of evolution which led to scientific racism

Question 31

Social Darwinism

Answer 31

A theory that believed whites were genetically superior to other races, justified racism/exploitation/slavery.

Question 32

4 Legacies of Imperialism

Answer 32

Trade and migration increased, Europe/Japan/US became imperialists, culture/economy of controlled regions were altered, heightened sense of differences.

Question 33

Industrialization

Answer 33

The transformation of economics based on agriculture to economics distinguished by industry and machine. Change in technology and organization of labor led to an increase in productivity.

Question 34

1st wave of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 34

Textiles, cotton, railroads, coal

Question 35

2nd wave of the Industrial Revolution

Answer 35

Heavy industry, steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum

Question 36

Why did the Industrial Revolution first occur in Europe?

Answer 36

Europe had geographic advantages (natural resources, many ports), hid advancements from other countries

Question 37

4 advantages British had over other countries

Answer 37

Geography, rich elites who invested, capitalism, valuable colonies

Question 38

1st wave of the Industrial Revolution inventions

Answer 38

Flying shuttle, the mule, power loom, railroads

Question 39

2nd wave of the Industrial Revolution inventions

Answer 39

Bessemer converter, steam engine, steam-powered locomotive, steam frigates

Question 40

Mass production

Answer 40

Production of large amounts of a single product/brand

Question 41

How did the Factory system benefit the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 41

Used machinery that produces quicker, centralized manufacturing, more efficient use of resources and labor.

Question 42

Assembly Line

Answer 42

Process of manufactoring that is broken into steps, each person does a specific step

Question 43

What things led to mass emigration into Europe and the US?

Answer 43

Economic hardships, political instability, and oppression in previous country; industrialization promised jobs, shipping offered affordable transportation, potential to climb social ladder

Question 44

How did immigration impact the social/political climate in Europe/US?

Answer 44

Created greater diversity, more labor for industrialization, social tension due to differences

Question 45

Steam engine

Answer 45

Used steam to create pressure/rotation, implemented into many machines

Question 46

Urbanization

Answer 46

The increase in populations in cities and the advancements of those cities.