Unit 7: Fall of the Ottoman Empire & Qing Dynasty Flashcards
(21 cards)
Why was the Ottoman Empire called “The Sick Man of Europe”?
The empire was very unstable, technologically behind, didn’t want to change their identity/culture
Capitulations
Surrendering or yielding to an opponent, generally after conflict
Extraterritoriality
The idea that a country’s laws can apply beyond its own borders.
Westernization
The process by which non-Western countries adopt new ideas, lifestyles, and cultures from Western countries, particularly those in Europe/North America.
Modernization
The process of making things more current or up-to-date.
Explain the Tanzimat Reforms
A period of modernization in the Ottoman Empire, aimed to address the empire’s decline and adapt to European advancements
List what the Tanzimat Reforms included
European style military, New Order (didn’t stop modernization, encouraged more reform), factories/tech schools established
How did the Tanzimat Reforms contribute to Westernization?
Implemented more European ideals, stabilized the empire for a little time.
Alliance system
A network of treaties and governments between major powers in Europe
What factors led to the fall of the Ottoman Empire?
Growing European power, expansion efforts long ended, foreign powers chipping away from border, technology behind, World War I
Advantages of the Qing Rule
Successfully blended social/political policies, Confucianism, civil service examination, adapting/improving existing industries, revitalized Chinese art
Disadvantages of the Qing Rule
Chinese were oppressed by the Manchus, high positions were only held by Manchus, government was very corrupt
Cohongs
Chinese firms that controlled British trade
What were the causes of the Opium Wars?
British intentionally got Chinese addicted to Opium, giving Britain a huge trade advantage. Chinese emperor tried to negotiate, but it resulted in war
What was the outcome of the Opium Wars?
British beat China due to China’s out-of-date military, Britain’s trade advantage still in place, Britain took over many ports
What were the causes of the Taiping Rebellion?
A high Chinese population led to food shortages, elites controlled most of the land government was corrupt
What was the goal of the Taiping Rebellion?
Wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, eliminate private property, communal wealth, and free education
What were the results of the Taiping Rebellion?
20-30 million dead, agriculture declined, many reforms but did not fix the root of problems
What were the causes of the Boxer Rebellion?
Chinese resented foreign influence, especially Britain’s economic exploitation, religious conversion, and political interfernece
What was the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion?
China lost agaisnt superior British technology, Britain imposed harsh penalties and weakened the dynasty
What led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty?
Taiping and Boxer rebellions, economic struggles, high British influence, nationalism, inability to adapt to changing world
