Unit 6: Health Problems Common in Toddlers, Pre-Schoolers and School Age Children Flashcards
1
Q
Leading cause of death in children over 1 year
of age
A
Accidents (Unintentional Injuries)
2
Q
Prolonged loud crying, consoled by no one
but the parent or usual caregiver
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Protest
3
Q
Child Continually asks to go home
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Protest
4
Q
Rejection of the nurse or any other stranger
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Protest
5
Q
3 Stages of Separation Anxiety
A
Protest
Despair
Detachment or Denial
6
Q
Alteration in sleep pattern
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Despair
7
Q
2 Examplesof Injuries in Toddlers
A
Burns
Poisons
8
Q
Decreased appetite and weight loss
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Despair
9
Q
Diminished interest in environment and play
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Despair
10
Q
Relative immobility and listlessness
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Despair
11
Q
No facial expression and smile
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Despair
12
Q
Unresponsive to stimuli
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Despair
13
Q
Cheerful, undiscriminating friendliness
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Detachment or denial
14
Q
Lack of preference for parents
is what stage of separation anxiety?
A
Detachment or denial
15
Q
What does hospitalization mean for a
2-year-old
toddler?
A
Fear of Separation
16
Q
What does hospitalization mean for an older pre schooler?
A
Fear of bodily harm
17
Q
What does hospitalization mean for a school-age child?
A
Belief in the supernatural
18
Q
Second and third most common cause of
death by trauma in individuals less than 15
years of age for boys and girls, respectively
A
Burns
19
Q
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Minimal tissue damage
A
1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)
20
Q
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Involves only the superficial epidermis
characterized by erythema , dryness and pain
A
1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)
21
Q
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Pain is the predominant symptom
A
1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)
22
Q
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Heals by regeneration by 1-10 days
A
1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)
23
Q
Classify the Degree of Burn:
E.g. Sunburn
A
1st Degree (Superficial Thickness)
24
Q
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Involves epithelium and part of corium
A
2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)
25
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Involves only the entire epidermis and portion
of dermis characterized by erythema, blister
with moist exudates which are extremely painful
2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)
26
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Heals by regeneration by 4-6 weeks
2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)
27
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Requires skin grafting
3rd Degree (Full Thickness)
28
Classify the Degree of Burn:
All layers of skin destroyed
3rd Degree (Full Thickness)
29
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Involves both skin layers, epidermis and
dermis
3rd Degree (Full Thickness)
30
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Appears leathery, white or black and not
sensitive to pain since nerve endings had been
destroyed
3rd Degree (Full Thickness)
31
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Systemic effect can be life life-threatening
3rd Degree (Full Thickness)
32
Classify the Degree of Burn:
E.g.Scalds
2nd Degree (Partial Thickness)
33
Classify the Degree of Burn:
E.g. Electrical, Flame Burns
3rd Degree (Full Thickness)
34
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Requiring amputations
4th Degree (Full Thickness)
35
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Involve underlying muscle, fascia, and bone
4th Degree (Full Thickness)
36
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Wound appears dull and dry, and ligaments,
tendons, and bone maybe exposed
4th Degree (Full Thickness)
37
Classify the Degree of Burn:
Painless
4th Degree (Full Thickness)
38
Classify the Degree of Burn:
May cause permanent
damage to affected area
4th Degree (Full Thickness)
39
Systemic response of the body to burns that causes a precipitous drop in
cardiac output; returns to normal in 24 to 36
hours
“Burn shock”
Metabolic rate greatly increased
40
Do not give ___ for severe burns (more than
| 10 % of body)
oral fluids
41
For ____ burns, immerse the
| affected area in cool water
superficial
42
For ___ degree burns, cleanse the area, apply sterile
| dressing soaked in sterile saline if possible
1st
43
Primary cause of death in first 24 to 48
| hours (Burns)
Shock
44
Primary cause of death after initial
| period
Infection
45
Fluid
| Resuscitation: Parkland Formula
Plain Lactated Ringer (LR) 4ml x body weight
(kg ) x Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)
burned
- ½ of total: 1st 8 hours post burn
- ¼ of total: 2nd and 3 3rd 8 hours post burn
Goal : To get a urine output= 1ml/kg/ hr
46
IV Analgesic used to relieve pain from burns
Morphine
47
____ is essential for tissue repair.
↑ ____ in diet will
spare proteins from being used by the body for energy
so it will be used solely for tissue healing
Protein...CHON
48
The toddler is at highest risk for _____ _______
Accidental Poisoning
49
Poisoning in toddlers does not result to
| _____
Death
50
Has Innate curiosity and ability to open “CHILD
| PROOF” containers.
Toddler
51
Involved in Mouthing Activities ( Prevalent after age 1)
Toddler
52
Explores objects by Tasting
Toddlers
53
Toddler's Accident Exposure Involve: (2)
Analgesics
| Vitamins
54
Poisoning is common on what age group?
Toddlers
55
More than 90% of poisoning occur where?
At Home
56
The major contributing factor to poisonings in toddlers
Improper Storage
57
Vomiting is the most effective way of removing poison from the body unless the substance taken is _____, ______, or a ______
Corrosive
Caustic (Strong alkali such as lye)
Hydrocarbon
58
An oral emetic to cause vomiting
| after drug overdose or poisoning
Syrup
| of Ipecac
59
How many ml of Syrup
of Ipecac is given to adolescent, school age and
preschooler
15mL
60
How many ml of Syrup
| of Ipecac is given to infant?
10mL
61
After 1st Dose of Ipecac, what should the nurse do if the patient did not vomit?
Give a 2nd Dose
62
3 Universal Antidotes for Poisoning
Activated Charcoal
Milk of Magnesia
Burned Toast
63
Never administer the ____before the
| ipecac
Charcoal
64
What is the Antidote for Acetaminophen poisoning?
N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst ) to prevent liver
| damage
65
Interferes with RBC functioning leading to
hypochromic, microcytic anemia, destruction
of bones, teeth, kidneys and eventually
accumulation of ammonia causing
encephalopathy (affects CNS)
Lead Poisoning
66
____is a soft gray metal element that occurs
| naturally in the earth.
Lead
67
For many years it was added to paint, gasoline, ongoing/historic mining, and commercial/industrial operations
Lead
68
What part of the body does lead affect the most?
Brain
Can also permanently affect bones, kidney, and heart
69
Procedure done to remove lead from blood/organ/tissues
Chelation Therapy
70
If lead content in the blood is > 20 mcg/dl, what is administered?
Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA) PO
71
In Chelation Therapy, Dimercaprol (BAL in oil) is not given if Patient has
allergy to _____
Peanuts
72
3 Medications used for Chelation Therapy
Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA)
Dimercaprol (BAL in oil)
Succimer (Chemet)
73
Side Effect of:
Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA)
Dimercaprol (BAL in oil)
Succimer (Chemet)
Nephrotoxicity
74
Acetaminophen is Toxic at a dose of _______
>150 mg/kg
75
Treatment/Antidote for Acetaminophen Poisoning
N-Acetylcysteine
Has offensive odor - dilute in soda or juice
76
Toxic Dose of Aspirin
300-500 mg/kg
77
Chronic Ingestion Dose of Aspirin
>100 mg/kg/day for 2 days or more
78
Helps in Excreting Iron from the Body
Deferoxamine
79
Non specific term for a neuromuscular
disability or difficulty in controlling
voluntary muscles (caused by damage to
some portion of the brain, with associated
sensory, intellectual, emotional, or seizure
disorder.)
Cerebral Palsy
80
Cerebral Palsy aka
“Cerebral Paralysis ” or
| “Little’s Disease"
81
Cerebral Palsy is caused by a ______, ______ brain lesion
Permanent, non-progressive
82
Cerebral Palsy is common among_____ infants weighing
| _______grams at birth.
Premature...1000 to 1499
83
3 Main types of Cerebral Palsy
Pyramidal
Extrapyramidal
Mixed
84
Type of cerebral palsy that originates from the motor
| areas of the cerebral cortex
Pyramidal
85
Type of cerebral palsy affecting the basal ganglia and cerebellum
Extrapyramidal
86
Spastic Cerebral Palsy is a/an___ type of CP
Pyramidal
87
Ataxic CP is a/an ____ type of CP
Extrapyramidal
88
Athetoid CP is a/an ____ type of CP
Extrapyramidal
89
```
Type of CP with hypertonicity, poor
control of posture, balance, and
coordinated movements;
impairment of gross and fine
motor skills.
```
Spastic CP
90
Type of CP characterized by abnormal involuntary movement
Dyskinetic or Athetoid CP
91
_____ is characterized by slow, wormlike, writhing movements
Athetosis
92
CP characterized by wide-based gait and rapid
repetitive movements performed
poorly
Ataxic CP
93
Type of CP with combination of spasticity
| and athetosis
Mixed CP
94
Classification of CP:
all 4 limbs
Quadriplegia
95
Classification of CP:
all 4 limbs, legs more severely affected than arms
Diplegia
96
Classification of CP:
one side of the body; arm is usually more
involved than the leg
Hemiplegia
97
Classification of CP:
three limbs are involved, usually both arms and a leg
Triplegia
98
Classification of CP:
only one limb is affected, usually an arm
Monoplegia
99
Refers to complete or partial paralysis in both legs and, in some people, parts of the lower abdomen.
Paraplegia
100
Classification of CP:
too much muscle tone or tightness. Movements are
stiff, especially in the legs, arms, and/or back.
Spastic CP
101
Classification of CP:
affect movements of the entire body.
Involves slow, uncontrolled body movements and low muscle tone;
hard for person to sit straight and walk.
Athetoid CP ( dyskinetic CP )
102
Classification of CP:
least common. Disturbed sense of balance and depth
perception. Poor muscle tone, a staggering walk and unsteady hands.
Results from damage of the cerebellum.
Ataxic CP
103
Classification of CP:
both movement and number of limbs
involved are combined.
Combined classifications
104
Most common type of
CP affecting 70 70-80% of
patients
Spastic Cerebral Palsy
105
Characterized by "Scissors" positions of lower limbs due to adductor spasms
Spastic Quadriplegia
106
“wormlike”, limp and flaccid
Involves four extremities
Symptoms increase with
emotional stress and decrease
with rest
are characteristics of _______
Athetoid or Dyskinetic CP
107
```
Characterized by difficulty with
motor coordination of legs,
arms, hands, & feet resulting
in movements that are :
■ Uncontrolled
■ Slow
■ Writhing
```
Athetoid or Dyskinetic CP
108
Chracterized by:
Dyskinetic movement of the mouth
Grimacing, Drooling, and dysarthria
Adductor spasm
Dyskinesia
109
Movements that are rapid, irregular, jerky
Choreoid
110
Movements with disordered muscle tone and sustained muscle contractions
Dystonic
111
Less common type of CP
affecting 5 5-10% of patients
Affects balance and
coordination
Characterized by:
■ Disturbances in gait
■ Instability
Ataxic CP
112
Stiff/Floppy posture
Excessive lethargy, Irritability, High Pitched Cry
Poor Head control
Weak suck/tongue thrust/tonic bite/feeding difficulties
are early signs of ______
Cerebral Palsy
113
Abnormal or prolonged primitive reflexes:
Moro's Reflex
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex
Placing Reflex
Landau Reflex
Are early signs of:
Cerebral Palsy
114
Major source of stress among hospitalized toddlers
separation anxiety or separation from parents
115
Age group majorly stressed in fear of bodily harm
older pre schooler
116
Age group majorly believing in the supernatural
school age
117
Age group that fears the unknown
school-age
