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AP Pyschology > Unit 6 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 6 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Associative Learning

A

Learning that certain events occur together

2 stimuli or response and their consequence

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2
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Where one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events (natural

Involuntary/ automatic

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3
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Learn through action

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4
Q

Observational (social) learning

A

Learning by observing others

Behaviorist pyschologists

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5
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A

Naturally occurring stimulus that triggers a response

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6
Q

Unconditioned Response

A

Naturally occurring response

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7
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

An originally irrelevant / neutral stimulus that after an association w/ US comes to trigger a conditioned response

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8
Q

Conditioned Response

A

The learned response to a previously neutral, but now conditioned response

Learned at the seventh time

Responses are the same outcome

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9
Q

Pavlov’s dog experiment

A

US - dog food
UR- salivation
CS- sound of a bell
CR- salivation

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10
Q

Orders of conditioning

A

The farther out a link the weaker the stimulus

Ex dogs can go 3 orders

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11
Q

Watsons little albert

A

US bang a metal
CS rat (liked at first)
Done at same time

UR neutral
CR fear & anxiety

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12
Q

Extinction

A

The diminishing of a conditioned response

Break the link between conditioned and unconditioned stimulus to conditioned response
(Wont salivate without association)

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13
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

The reappearance after a pause (short extinction) of an extinguished conditioned response (salivate at bell again)

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14
Q

Generalization

A

The tendency for stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus to create similar responses

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15
Q

Discrimination

A

Learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimuli

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16
Q

Throndike’s Law of Effect

A

Behaviors that have a positive outcome tend to be repeated, while negative reinforcements tend to die out

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17
Q

Primary Reinforcer

A

Satisfies biological needs

18
Q

Secondary/ conditioned reinforcer

A

Something that is not naturally a reinforcer

19
Q

Positive Reinforcer

A

Presenting a motivating item after a desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior likely to occur

20
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

A response or behavior is stopped by strengthening the negative outcome that follows

21
Q

Punishment

A

Any change in a human’s surroundings that occur after a given behavior. Reduces chance of reoccurence

22
Q

Fixed Ratio

A

Predicted Behavior

Best for acquiring behaviors

23
Q

Variable Ratio

A

Unpredictable Ratio
Ex slot machines
More resistant to extinction

24
Q

Fixed Interval

A

Rewardes after a fixed amount of time

TIME

25
Q

Variable Interval

A

Waiting for reinforcement after a random amount of time

WAITING/ CHECKING

26
Q

Flooding

A

Dears with fears more often gets rid of the fears

27
Q

Taste aversion

A

Linking food with vomit

28
Q

Phobia

A

Bad experience or event makes a bad association

29
Q

Learned helplessness

A

When you realize you can’t escape a struggle so you give up

30
Q

Shaping

A

Break down complex behaviors into multiple steps
Reward each step
More reward closer to each task

31
Q

How children learn to be aggressive

A

Children learn observantly

Best way to learn agressiveness is coping
Mechanisms

32
Q

How to learn from a textbook

A 
SQ3R
Survey
Question
Read
Recite
Review
33
Q

Acquisition

A

Links neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus to trigger the conditioned response
Cs=r

34
Q

Generalization

A

Tendency to respond the same way to different stimuli

35
Q

Discrimination

A

The ability to percieve and respond to differences among stimuli

36
Q

Modeling

A

Demonstrating appropriate behavior to be learned

Mirror neurons- observational learning

37
Q

Bilogical predisposition

A

Dont need an event to dislike something like a taste aversion

Genetic

38
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Want something for yourself

Internal

39
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Outside pressure required to preform desired behavior

40
Q

Learning

A

A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

41
Q

Habituation

A

An organisms decreasing response to a stimulus with repeated exposure

42
Q

Latent Learning

A

Learning becomes obvious only once reinforcement is given for demonstarting it

AP Pyschology (5 decks)

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