unit 7

Question 1

central place theory

Answer 1

a theory by Walter Christaller that says larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

Question 2

a rural settlement in which the houses and form buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surrounded the settlement

Answer 2

clustered rural settlement

Question 3

industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement

Answer 3

basic industries

Question 4

consumer services

Answer 4

businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers

Question 5

dispersed rural settlement

Answer 5

a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

Question 6

economic base

Answer 6

a community’s collection of basic industries

Question 7

gravity model

Answer 7

a model that holds that’s the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related the distance people must travel to reach the service

Question 8

market area (hinterland)

Answer 8

the area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves.

Question 9

primate city rule

Answer 9

a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

Question 10

range

Answer 10

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

Question 11

rank-size rule

Answer 11

rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportional to its tank in the country’s hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their sizes follow a certain pattern

Question 12

threshold

Answer 12

a minimum number of people needed to support the service

Question 13

annexation

Answer 13

legally adding land area to a city in the US, or legally adding land area to a country in the world

Question 14

census tract

Answer 14

an area delineated by the US Bureau of the census for which statistics are published

Question 15

central business district

Answer 15

the downtown or nucleus of a city

Question 16

concentric zone model

Answer 16

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings

Question 17

edge city

Answer 17

a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area

Question 18

gentrification

Answer 18

a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low income renter occupied area to a predominantly middle class owner-occupied area

Question 19

green belt

Answer 19

a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area

Question 20

metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

Answer 20

in the US, a central city of at least 50000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of serval tests indicating a functional connection to the central city

Question 21

peripheral model

Answer 21

a model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road

Question 22

redlining

Answer 22

a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries

Question 23

sector model

Answer 23

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors radiating out from the central business district

Question 24

squatter settlement

Answer 24

an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures

Question 25

underclass

Answer 25

a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics

Question 26

urbanized area

Answer 26

consists of continuously build-up landscape of buildings and populations so that political boundaries are simply imaginary lines that separate them

Question 27

zoning ordinance

Answer 27

a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community

Question 28

bid-rent theory

Answer 28

how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the central business district increases

Question 29

cityscapes

Answer 29

an urban landscape

Question 30

favela

Answer 30

illegal housing settlements

Question 31

mega cities

Answer 31

cities with more than 10 million people

Question 32

megalopolis

Answer 32

a very large urban complex

Question 33

post modern urban landscape

Answer 33

Attempts to reconnect people to place through its architecture, the preservation of historical buildings, the re-emergence of mixed land uses and connections among developments

Question 34

suburbanization

Answer 34

movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core stress to the sorrow don’t outskirts to escape pollution and deteriorating social conditions