unit 7 exam Flashcards
1
Q
You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:
Select one:
a. has a history of eye surgeries
b. noticed the change during a meal
c. regularly sees a family physician
d. is allergic to any medications
A
a. has a history of eye surgeries
2
Q
A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:
Select one:
a. perform a secondary assessment
b. aggressively manage his airway
c. request a paramedic ambulance
d. suspect a severe hemopneumothorax
A
b. aggressively manage his airway
3
Q
Put the following in order for the process to stop external hemorrhaging:
1) scene safe & PPE
2) pressure bandage
3) tourniquet
4) direct pressure
5) elevation
A
1) scene safe & PPE
2. ) direct pressure
3) elevation
4) pressure bandage
5) tourniquet
4
Q
Match the following with their order:
1) my partner’s safety
2) my safety
3) my patient’s safety
4) bystander safety
A
1) my safety
2. ) my partner’s safety
3) my patient’s safety
4) bystander safety
5
Q
When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:
Select one:
a. convection
b. conduction
c. radiation
d. evaporation
A
b. conduction
6
Q
A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?
Select one:
a. 4
b. 2
c. 3
d. 5
A
c. 3
7
Q
Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:
Select one:
a. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released
b. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first
c. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding
d. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control
A
a. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because the bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released
8
Q
Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?
Select one:
a. Only a Level I trauma center
b. A Level IV or Level III trauma center
c. A Level I or Level II trauma center
d. Any designated trauma center is acceptable
A
c. A level I or level II trauma center
9
Q
A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:
Select one:
a. hyperextension
b. axial loading
c. distraction
d. hyperflexion
A
b. axial loading
10
Q
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?
Select one:
a. Forehead lacerations
b. Flail chest
c. Extremity fractures
d. Aortic rupture
A
d. aortic rupture
11
Q
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
Select one:
a. requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation
b. has most likely experienced a ruptured aorta
c. should be placed in Trendelenburg position
d. is most likely experiencing severe blood loss
A
a. requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation
12
Q
Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?
Select one:
a. A rapid, irregular pulse
b. Diminished breath sounds
c. Widening pulse pressure
d. Engorged jugular veins
A
d. engorged jugular veins
13
Q
Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient’s clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:
Select one:
a. a blowout fracture
b. a lacerated globe
c. a ruptured eyeball
d. optic vessel compression
A
a. blowout fracture
14
Q
When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT’s immediate priority should be to:
Select one:
a. consider the mechanism of injury
b. wear gloves and facial protection
c. closely assess the patient’s airway
d. manually stabilize the patient’s head
A
b. wear gloves and facial protection
15
Q
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:
Select one:
a. airway compromise
b. a fracture of the skull
c. spinal cord injury
d. intracranial bleeding
A
d. intracranial bleeding
16
Q
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?
Select one:
a. Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing
b. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing
c. Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport
d. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position.
A
b. cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing
17
Q
Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?
Select one:
a. Known drug allergies
b. Area(s) burned
c. Age of the patient
d. Past medical history
A
a. known drug allergies
18
Q
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:
Select one:
a. intercostal margin
b. anterior rib cage
c. costovertebral angle
d. diaphragm
A
d. diaphragm
19
Q
A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?
Select one:
a. Direct trauma to the spinal column
b. Lateral impact to the spine
c. Secondary fall after the initial impact
d. Energy transmission to the spine
A
d. Energy transmission to the spine
20
Q
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a:
Select one:
a. .22-caliber pistol
b. .357 magnum
c. shotgun
d. handgun
A
c. shotgun
21
Q
When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, you should:
Select one:
a. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe.
b. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries
c. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you
d. realize that the air bag malfunctioned at the time of impact
A
c. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you
22
Q
When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?
Select one:
a. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury
b. Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport
c. Always during the secondary assessment
d. Only when ordered by medical direction
A
a. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury
23
Q
A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:
Select one:
a. thoroughly flush her ear with sterile saline
b. use tweezers to try to remove the object
c. transport her to the emergency department
d. remove the peanut with a cotton-tipped swab
A
c. transport her to the emergency department
24
Q
In order to avoid exacerbating a patient’s injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:
Select one:
a. cardiac tamponade
b. pneumothorax
c. flail chest
d. myocardial contusion
A
b. pneumothorax
25
A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today?
Select one:
a. Diabetic complications
b. His prescribed albuterol
c. Hemorrhagic stroke
d. High blood pressure
d. high blood pressure
26
A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:
Select one:
a. tension pneumothorax
b. massive hemothorax
c. traumatic asphyxia
d. pulmonary contusion
d. pulmonary contusion
27
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:
Select one:
a. apply a cervical collar.
b. obtain baseline vital signs
c. auscultate bowel sounds
d. assess for an exit wound
d. assess for an exit wound
28
You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:
Select one:
a. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment
b. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition
c. begin documenting the call on the patient care form
d. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently
d. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently
29
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?
Select one:
a. Superficial burn to 30% of the BSA
b. Full-thickness burn to 1% of the BSA
c. Second-degree burn covering 10% of the BSA
d. Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA
d. Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA
30
A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:
Select one:
a. gently manipulate the injured leg until the numbness dissipates
b. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing
c. assess distal pulses as well as sensory and motor functions
d. manually stabilize the leg above and below the site of injury
b. control the bleeding and cover the would with a sterile dressing
31
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?
Select one:
a. Bilateral femur fractures
b. An amputated extremity
c. Pelvic fracture with hypotension
d. Nondisplaced long bone fractures
c. Pelvic fracture with hypotension
32
A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:
Select one:
a. a corneal abrasion
b. acute retinitis
c. a detached retina
d. conjunctivitis
d. conjunctivitis
33
A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:
Select one:
a. gastrointestinal bleeding
b. an aortic aneurysm
c. intrathoracic hemorrhaging
d. acute appendicitis
a. gastrointestinal bleeding
34
Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:
Select one:
a. the patient adamantly denies neck pain
b. sensory and motor functions remain intact
c. it causes a problem managing the airway
d. lateral immobilization has been applied
c. it causes a problem managing the airway
35
The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:
Select one:
a. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
b. thoracic, cervical, lumbar, coccygeal, and sacral
c. cervical, coccygeal, thoracic, sacral, and lumbar
d. coccygeal, sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical
a. cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal
36
An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:
Select one:
a. advise the child that he will need rabies shots
b. report the incident to the appropriate authorities
c. ask the child's father to try to locate the dog
d. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask
b. report the incident to the appropriate authorities
37
A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:
Select one:
a. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring
b. applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly
c. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting
d. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin
c. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting
38
You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:
Select one:
a. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest.
b. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible
c. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment.
d. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries
b. assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible
39
A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:
Select one:
a. ask her to move the injured eye to assess the integrity of the optic nerve
b. apply firm direct pressure to the injured eye and cover the opposite eye
c. carefully examine her eye and remove any foreign objects if needed
d. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye
d. avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye
40
During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:
Select one:
a. log roll the patient onto a long backboard and transport at once
b. perform a focused physical exam with emphasis on the pelvis
c. defer spinal immobilization and transport to a trauma center
d. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine
d. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine
41
During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:
Select one:
a. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
b. make note of it and continue your assessment
c. request a paramedic to decompress the chest
d. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask
d. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask
42
A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:
Select one:
a. requesting a paramedic ambulance
b. quickly immobilizing her spinal column
c. rapidly transporting her to the hospital
d. careful monitoring her vital signs
c. rapidly transporting her to the hospital
43
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:
Select one:
a. neck and facial injuries
b. blunt trauma to the head
c. open abdominal trauma
d. lower extremity fractures
a. neck and facial injuries
44
When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:
Select one:
a. the head has been stabilized with lateral immobilization
b. the patient has been secured to the ambulance stretcher
c. the patient has been completely secured to the backboard
d. an appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied
c. the patient has been completely secured to the backboard
45
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
Select one:
a. pancreas
b. spleen
c. gallbladder
d. liver
b. spleen
46
If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:
Select one:
a. often breathes at a slower rate because of lung damage caused by the injury
b. will eliminate more carbon dioxide than if he or she were breathing deeply
c. will maintain adequate minute volume if his or her respiratory rate stays the same
d. must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume
d. must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume
47
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
Select one:
a. apply an AED and assess his BP
b. prepare for immediate transport
c. determine if he has cardiac problems
d. apply bulky dressings to the sternum
b. prepare for immediate transport
48
Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:
Select one:
a. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient
b. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport
c. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.
d. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings
c. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once
49
You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:
Select one:
a. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses
b. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask
c. protect the affected part from further injury
d. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water
c. protect the affected part from further injury
50
All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the:
Select one:
a. ureters
b. stomach
c. bladder
d. spleen
d. spleen
51
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:
Select one:
a. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one.
b. carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside
c. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed
d. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one.
c. assess the distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed
52
The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:
Select one:
a. respiratory system
b. renal system
c. cardiovascular system
d. nervous system
d. nervous system
53
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
Select one:
a. slow
b. rapid
c. weak
d. irregular
a. slow
54
When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:
Select one:
a. most patients with facial trauma will need surgery
b. it saves time on repeat assessments at the hospital
c. they may need to call a specialist to see the patient
d. they must make arrangements for an ICU bed.
c. they may need to call a specialist to see the patient
55
A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (–1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:
Select one:
a. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm
b. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae
c. open his airway and give two rescue breaths
d. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds
d. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds
56
Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:
Select one:
a. 11
b. 10
c. 9
d. 8
c. 9
57
A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:
Select one:
a. apply a nonrebreathing mask
b. assist the patient's ventilations
c. obtain baseline vital signs
d. perform a secondary assessment
b. assist the patient's ventilations
58
In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
Select one:
a. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse Correct
b. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash
c. may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis
d. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks
b. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash
59
You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:
Select one:
a. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water
b. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma
c. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions
d. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status
c. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions
60
A 45-year-old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should:
Select one:
a. allow him to refuse transport if his vital signs remain stable
b. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam
c. perform a rapid head-to-toe exam and immobilize his spine
d. obtain a Glasgow Coma Score value and give him oxygen
b. immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam
61
A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:
Select one:
a. fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport.
b. fully immobilize her spine, irrigate her empty tooth sockets, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, and transport
c. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, suction her airway as needed, disregard the dislodged teeth, and transport
d. assist ventilations with a BVM device, immobilize her spine, suction her oropharynx for 30 seconds, and transport
a. fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport
62
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:
Select one:
a. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment
b. direct your partner to assist the patient's ventilations with a BVM
c. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once
d. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure
a. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment
63
A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:
Select one:
a. the patient must be placed onto a long backboard
b. the helmet is equipped with a full face shield or visor
c. the patient complains of severe neck or back pain.
d. it interferes with your assessment of the airway
d. it interferes with your assessment of the airway
64
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:
Select one:
a. aorta
b. spleen
c. diaphragm
d. stomach
c. diaphragm
65
When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______.
Select one:
a. instability
b. crepitus
c. guarding
d. distention
c. guarding
66
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?
Select one:
a. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis Incorrect
b. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
c. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport
d. Position the patient with his injured side down
b. apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
67
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:
Select one:
a. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations
b. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment
c. apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs
d. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment.
b. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment
68
As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:
Select one:
a. open his airway and assess his breathing status
b. assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality
c. perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment
d. apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries
a. open his airway and assess his breathing status
69
Following direct trauma to the left upper back, a 44-year-old male presents with diaphoresis and restlessness. His blood pressure is 100/50 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. Your assessment reveals abrasions and contusions over the left scapula. You should:
Select one:
a. focus your assessment on his scapulae and clavicles and apply high-flow oxygen
b. apply high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport
c. apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay
d. hyperventilate him with a BVM and monitor his oxygen saturation
c. apply high-flow oxygen, consider spinal precautions, and transport without delay
70
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?
Select one:
a. Severe strain
b. Displaced fracture
c. Moderate sprain
d. Hairline fracture
b. displaced fracture
71
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:
Select one:
a. inspect the helmet for cracks
b. stabilize her entire spine
c. obtain baseline vital signs.
d. leave her bicycle helmet on
b. stabilize her entire spine
72
Which of the following sets of vital signs depicts Cushing triad?
Select one:
a. Blood pressure, 90/50 mm Hg; pulse, 120 beats/min; respirations, 10 breaths/min
b. Blood pressure, 80/40 mm Hg; pulse, 30 beats/min; respirations, 32 breaths/min
c. Blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min
d. Blood pressure, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 140 beats/min; respirations, 28 breaths/min
c. Blood pressure, 190/110 mm Hg; pulse, 55 beats/min; respirations, 30 breaths/min
73
A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding?
Select one:
a. Position the patient with his injured side down
b. Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport
c. Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis Incorrect
d. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
d. apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure
74
A patient who is complaining of seeing flashing lights, specks, or “floaters” in his or her field of vision has MOST likely experienced:
Select one:
a. acute hyphema
b. a detached retina
c. conjunctivitis
d. a blowout fracture
b. detached retina
75
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:
Select one:
a. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical
b. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water
c. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution
d. brush away the chemical before flushing with water
d. brush away the chemical before flushing with water
76
Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:
Select one:
a. 88°F (31°C).
b. 98°F (37°C).
c. 90°F (32°C).
d. 95°F (35°C).
d. 95 F (37 C)
77
During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:
Select one:
a. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds
b. pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood
c. assist his ventilations with a BVM
d. immobilize his spine and transport immediately
a. suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds
78
A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unresponsive with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:
Select one:
a. irrigate her eyes with water to prevent mucosal drying
b. secure her eyes open so you can reassess her pupils
c. inspect her eyes and gently remove impaled objects
d. close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing
d. close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing
79
A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
Select one:
a. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing
b. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask
c. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings
d. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication
a. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing
80
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:
Select one:
a. perform a focused secondary exam
b. immediately request ALS support
c. obtain a set of baseline vital signs
d. insert an oropharyngeal airway
b. immediately request ALS support
81
You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:
Select one:
a. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-valve mask, and contact medical control for further guidance.
b. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber.
c. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department.
d. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.
d. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility
82
In which of the following situations would the EMT be the LEAST likely to immobilize a patient's spine?
Select one:
a. No spinal pain, but tingling in the extremities
b. Unresponsive, but moving all extremities equally
c. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication
d. Pain to the c-spine, but no numbness or tingling
c. No distracting injuries or evidence of intoxication
83
A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:
Select one:
a. flush both eyes with an alcohol-based solution and transport
b. irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.
c. mix baking soda with water and irrigate his eyes with the solution
d. neutralize the acid chemical in his eye with an alkaline chemical
b. irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.
84
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:
Select one:
a. cerebrum and meninges
b. meninges and spinal cord
c. brain and spinal cord
d. cerebellum and brain
c. brain and spinal cord
85
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?
Select one:
a. When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent
b. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
c. If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity
d. If transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes
b. if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
86
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:
Select one:
a. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest
b. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital
c. recognize that he needs a needle decompression
d. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam
b. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital
87
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.
Select one:
a. hypoperfusion
b. perfusion
c. coagulation
d. hemorrhage
b. perfusion
88
During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is correct?
Select one:
a. The 44-year-old female is at high risk for an infection
b. You should contact the police and have the patients arrested Incorrect
c. The patient struck in the mouth should be immobilized
d. The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection
d. The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection
89
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.
Select one:
a. 45%
b. 36%
c. 27%
d. 18%
d. 18%
90
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:
Select one:
a. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard
b. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force
c. will most likely be thrown over the steering column
d. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle
b. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force
91
A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:
Select one:
a. perform a neurologic exam.
b. administer high-flow oxygen
c. palpate his radial pulses.
d. apply ice to the hematoma
b. administer high-flow oxygen
92
A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:
Select one:
a. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward
b. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum
c. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops
d. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine
a. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward
93
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:
Select one:
a. apply direct pressure to the wound
b. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment
c. follow appropriate standard precautions
d. place the patient on high-flow oxygen
c. follow appropriate standard precautions
94
A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should first:
Select one:
a. apply direct pressure to the wound
b. follow appropriate standard precautions
c. perform a rapid head-to-toe assessment
d. place the patient on high-flow oxygen
b. follow appropriate standard precautions
95
You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:
Select one:
a. partially remove the dressing
b. call for a paramedic ambulance
c. begin rapid transport at once
d. begin ventilatory assistance
a. partially remove the dressing
96
You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:
Select one:
a. pericardial tamponade
b. laceration of the aorta
c. tension pneumothorax
d. massive hemothorax
b. laceration of the aorta
