unit 4 exam Flashcards by Ben Dover

The term “pharmacology” is MOST accurately
defined as:

Select one:

a. the study of drugs and their actions on the
body.
b. the study of drug excretion from the human body.
c. the study of drugs that are produced illegally.
d. the study of how medications affect the brain.

a. the study of drugs and their action on the body.

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This route is the preferred route for the administration of Nitroglycerin.

Select one:

a. Sublingual
b. Intranasal
c. Intramuscular
d. Transdermal

a. sublingual

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While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation
of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

Select one:
a. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his
blood pressure
b. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his
blood pressure administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect
c. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out
a drug overdose
d. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous
catheter is in place

b. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure, administer drugs via the IV route to acheive the fastest effect

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Activated charcoal is an example of a:

Select one:

a. gel
b. solution
c. elixir
d. suspension

d. suspension

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After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an
allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth.
These findings are an example of a(n):

Select one:

a. therapeutic effect
b. untoward effect
c. side effect
d. unpredictable effect

c. side effect

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In ___________ administration, you are
administering medication to yourself or your partner.

Select one:

a. EMT-administered
b. patient-assisted
c. peer-assisted
d. paramedic-administered

c. peer-assisted

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Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for
the generic medication:

Select one:

a. nitrostat
b. aspirin
c. ibuprofen
d. acetaminophen

c. ibuprofen

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Which of the following clinical signs would
necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

Select one:

a. Hypertension
b. Extreme agitation
c. Tachycardia
d. Slow respirations

d. slow respirations

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The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:

Select one:

a. hypertension.
b. hyperglycemia.
c. hypotension.
d. hypoglycemia

d. hypoglycemia

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Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

Select one:

a. Bayer
b. Aspirin
c. Advil
d. Excedrin

b. aspirin

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Which of the following statements regarding the
epinephrine auto-injector is correct?

Select one:
a. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of
epinephrine.
b. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use
the auto-injector
c. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset
amount of the drug.
d. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route.

c. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic
of epinephrine?

Select one:

a. Constricts the blood vessels
b. Decreases heart rate and blood pressure
c. Dilates passages in the lungs
d. Secreted naturally by the adrenal glands

b. Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

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Which of the following patient populations
typically require a modified drug dose?

Select one:

a. Middle adults
b. Females
c. Patients with asthma
d. Pediatric patients

d. pediatric patients

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A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:

Select one:

a. recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
b. give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport.
c. assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions.
d. transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin.

c. assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions.

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A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:

Select one:

a. intranasal route.
b. inhalation route.
c. sublingual route.
d. transdermal route.

a. intranasal route.

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Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

Select one:

a. prevents the aggregation of platelets.
b. reduces the associated chest pain.
c. dissolves the coronary artery clot
d. causes direct coronary vasodilation.

a. prevents the aggregation of platelets.

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A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest
pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a
previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has
not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting
medical control, you should:

Select one:
a. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his
systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg
b. begin immediate transport and request a
rendezvous with a paramedic unit.
c. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure.
d. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours

a. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

Select one:

a. authorization from medical control has been obtained.
b. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension.
c. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes.
d. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes.

a. authorization from medical control has been obtained.

An EMT can administer all of the following medications except?

Select one:

a. ibuprofen
b. diphenhydramine
c. Advair
d. Epi

c. Advair

You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was
stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets
and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes
medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her
breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you
do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?

Select one:
a. Begin transport to the hospital and closely
monitor her condition while en route.
b. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her
condition, and transport her promptly.
c. Begin immediate transport and request an
intercept with a paramedic ambulance.
d. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in
case her allergic reaction is delayed.

a. Begin transport to the hospital and closely monitor her condition while en route.

The amount of medication that is given is known
as the _________.

Select one:

a. contraindication
b. indication
c. dose
d. side effect

c. dose

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

Select one:

a. Suspension
b. Liquid
c. Gel
d. Fine powder

c. Gel

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are
taken by mouth are called:

Select one:

a. capsules.
b. caplets
c. tablets
d. pills

a. capsules.

Which of the following statements regarding
glucose is correct?

Select one:
a. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs
into the bloodstream
b. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily
absorbed by the bloodstream
c. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected
of being hyperglycemic
d. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via
the intravenous route

b. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unresponsive patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? Select one: a. Transcutaneous b. Intramuscular c. Subcutaneous d. Intraosseous

d. intraosseous

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector? Select one: a. Sublingual b. Intravenous c. Intraosseous d. Intramuscular

d. intramuscular

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: Select one: a. cardiovascular disease b. bacterial infection c. reactive airway disease d. non–insulin-dependent diabetes

a. cardiovascular disease

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: a. digestion b. absorption c. suspension d. adsorption.

d. adsorption.

EMTs respond to a known heroin abuser who is unresponsive. If they give naloxone (Narcan) to this patient, the EMTs should recall that: Select one: a. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient. b. naloxone should not be given if the patient's breathing is slow. c. the effects of naloxone last longer than most opioid drugs. d. naloxone should be administered in increments of 2 mg.

a. naloxone administration could cause seizures in this patient.

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? Select one: a. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications. b. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally c. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects d. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system

a. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient? Select one: a. A patient with an altered level of consciousness b. An alert adult patient c. A patient with stable vital signs d. Medical direction approval

d. Medical direction approval

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch? Select one: a. Transcutaneous b. Sublingual c. Intraosseous d. Subcutaneous

a. Transcutaneous

A 37-year-old male is found unresponsive in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: Select one: a. heart disease. b. asthma. c. hypertension d. allergic reactions

b. asthma

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: a. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital b. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient c. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route d. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal.

a. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain: Select one: a. increases myocardial contraction force b. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. c. increases blood return to the right atrium. d. constricts the veins throughout the body.

b. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: a. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. b. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress c. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. d. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

d. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? Select one: a. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient. b. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated. c. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director d. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route

c. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? Select one: a. Orally b. Sublingually c. Inhaled d. Injected

b. sublingually

What is the dose in MG’s of oral glucose? Select one: a. 15mg b. 12.5mg c. 25mg d. 1mg

a. 15mg

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: Select one: a. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. b. transport her in a sitting position. c. place her in a supine position. d. assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

c. place her in a supine position.