Unit 7 - Module 31 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Memory
persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Encoding
processing of information into memory
Storage
process of retaining encoded information
Retrieval
process of getting information out of storage
Parallel Processing
processing many aspects simultaneously
Sensory Memory
immediate, brief recording of info
Short Term Memory
activated memory that holds little before being stored or forgotten
Long Term Memory
relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of memory system
Working Memory
focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information and information retrieved from long term memory; holds 7 bits of information
Effortful Processing
encoding with conscious effort and attention
Automatic Processing
unconscious encoding (word meanings)
Explicit Memories
facts and experiences we consciously know and can declare
Implicit Memories
retention independent of conscious recollection (muscle memory)
Iconic Memory
momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli (half a second)
Echoic Memory
momentary sensory memory of audio stimuli (3-4 seconds)
Chunking
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often done automatically
Mnemonics
memory aids; usually mental images and organizational devices
Hierarchies
broad concepts divided into narrower ones
Spacing Effect
distributed study yields better long retention
Testing Effect
enhanced memory after retrieving
Shallow Processing
encoding on a basic level based on appearance, structure, or sounds of words
Deep Processing
encodes semantically based on word’s meaning
Self Reference Effect
things that are personal or have meaning are more easily remembered
Procedural Memory (long term)
memories of skills and how to perform them; stored sequentially; implicit
