Unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

active listening

A

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy. (p. 712)

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2
Q

biomedical therapy

A

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology. (p. 709)

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3
Q

client-centered therapy

A

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.) (p. 712)

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4
Q

eclectic approach

A

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. (p. 709)

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5
Q

insight therapies

A

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses. (p. 711)

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6
Q

interpretation

A

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. (p. 710)

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7
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences–and the therapist’s interpretations of them–released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight. (p. 709)

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8
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight. (p. 710)

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9
Q

psychotherapy

A

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. (p. 709)

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10
Q

resistance

A

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. (p. 710)

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11
Q

transference

A

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). (p. 710)

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12
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance. (p. 712)

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13
Q

aversive conditioning

A

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). (p. 718)

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14
Q

behavior therapy

A

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. (p. 716)

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15
Q

cognitive therapy

A

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. (p. 720)

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16
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). (p. 723)

17
Q

counterconditioning

A

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. (p. 717)

18
Q

exposure therapies

A

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid. (p. 717)

19
Q

family therapy

A

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. (p. 724)

20
Q

group therapy

A

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction. (p. 723)

21
Q

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions. (p. 721)

22
Q

systematic desensitization

A

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. (p. 717)

23
Q

token economy

A

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. (p. 719)

24
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. (p. 718)

25
Q

regression toward the mean

A

the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. (p. 730)

26
Q

resilience

A

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma. (p. 737)

27
Q

therapeutic alliance

A

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem. (p. 735)

28
Q

antianxiety drugs

A

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. (p. 741)

29
Q

antidepressant drugs

A

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Several widely used antidepressant drugs are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors–SSRIs.) (p. 741)

30
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. (p. 741)

31
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. (p. 743)

32
Q

lobotomy

A

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. (p. 746)

33
Q

psychopharmacology

A

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. (p. 740)

34
Q

psychosurgery

A

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. (p. 746)

35
Q

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

A

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. (p. 745)