Unit 8 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Instinctive behavior
Instinct is a complex behavior that is unlearned in a species (infants reflex for sucking and rooting once they are born)
Instinctive theory/evolutionary
Focuses on how genetics dictates behavior
Drive
Drive reduction theory: psychological need creates an aroused state that drives the organism to reduce the need
Ex: physical drive for water creates thirst and desire to satisfy by drinking water
Need
Stimuli that forces us to act in order to accomplish what the stimuli is dictating us to do
Ex: lack of water can can force someone to act out and find a viable source to drink from
Hierarchy of needs theory
Abraham Maslow. Pyramid with basic needs at bottom then moves to more complex needs as they are fulfilled.
- )Psychological: hunger thirst
- ) safety: feel the world is organized and predictable
- ) belonging and love needs: need to love and be loved; to be accepted and avoid loneliness.
- ) esteem: need self -esteem , achievement , competence , independent recognition respect from others
- )self actual inaction: live up to full potential
- )self transcendence d find meaning beyond ourselves
Hypothalamus and hunger
Hungry react in 2 diff ways:
- bodies adjust by slowing down and saving energy
- minds make eating the #1 priority and little else matters
Hypothalamus is key to managing hunger; gives out orexin a hormone to trigger hunger
Gherlin
The I’m empty from stomach
Obestatin
The I’m full hormone from stomach
Influence of culture
Diff. Cultures equal diff cravings:
Ex: hotter culture use spice to preserve food making spice a craving
People are slow to try diff. Foods as a biological defense mechanism
Social facilitation
Situation we are in contributes to our eating
- people eat more when with others
- bigger portion size equals more eating
Anorexia
1/3 eating disorders. Start as weight loss diet but turn bad. After losing 15% people will still see themselves as fat
- 3/4 are female
- binge purge: or use of laxatives
How does world health organization define obesity
BMI
Biological influence on homosexuality
Low testosterone lose interest in females
Turn to men
3/4% of men are homo
1/2% of women
Hypothalamus on sexual arousal
Governs the arousal based on sexual orientation
Attracted to same sex have smaller cluster within hypothalamus
Women given a whiff of scent of men sweat (hormones) area becomes active
Norepinephrine
Non adrenaline : acts as neurotransmitter and stress hormone which governs flight or fight ; regulates arousal in times of physical and mental stress and helps us stay alert in danger. Also administered as a drug to increase blood pressure and heart rate
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calms down when danger is over; calming down is gradual
Physiological arousal
Task is easy= perform better if if arousal is high (runner in comp.)
Task is difficult = perform better if arousal is low (student in SAT)
Canon-bard theory
Disagree with James: body reaction and emotional feeling occur at same time : Walter and Philip
James-Lange theory
Bodies react then emotion : Henry and Carl
Ex: pitcher with ball coming at face: catches then feels surprised
Thinking and acting comes before feeling
Anterior cingulate cortex
Frontal part of Cingular cortex , resembles collar around corpus callosum. Relays neural signals between right and left brain
Two factor theory
Emotions made of:
Physical arousal
Cognitive label (must be aware of physical arousal)
Feel bodies react , we are aware of the reaction , then we feel emotion : Schachter and singer
Amygdala
Limbic neural system: fear
- alerts of danger
- damaged amygdala: grossly unaware of danger
Cortex
Place within the brain that labels a stimuli sends it to amygdala where it responds to the stimuli
