Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Vocabulary > Unit 8: Genetics And Heredity > Flashcards

Unit 8: Genetics And Heredity Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

ABO blood type

A

classification of blood, based on presence or absence of antibodies, four major categories A, B, 0, and AB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Allele

A

one member of a pair of genes on specific chromosomes in specific positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aminocentesis

A

procedure which extracts fetal cells from the fluid surrounding the fetus, used to examine fetal chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autosome

A

body chromosomes; in humans there are 44 autosomes (22 pairs) and 2 sex chromosomes XX or XY (1 pair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autosomal trait

A

any trait not dependent on the sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blending theory of inheritance

A

the theory that offspring have a blend, or mix, of the characteristics of their parents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carrier

A

an individual that is heterozygous for a trait, they ‘carry’ the recessive allele, so that trait does not show up in the person but can be passed to their offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chromosomes

A

a tightly wound bundle of DNA and proteins (histones) found in the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Codominance

A

when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote, resulting in a phenotype that shows both traits of the parents; for example a black chicken crossed with a white chicken and the chicks are black and white checked.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Color blindness

A

a person with this recessive X-linked trait cannot distinguish between the colors red and green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cross pollination

A

pollen from one plant fertilizes an other plant of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dominant allele

A

A dominant allele masks the expression of other alleles, for example brown eyes are dominant over blue eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

the cross between two plants that investigates two traits (for example plant with yellow round seed crossed with plant with green wrinkled seeds); a cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for two traits of interest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

F1 Generation

A

first filial generation* - the results of the cross between the two parent plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

F2 Generation

A

product of crossing the first set of offspring from an initial cross of parent organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gametes

A

the reproductive cells: egg (female) or sperm (male)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

A

the reproductive cells: egg (female) or sperm (male)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gene therapy

A

the introduction of cloned genes into living cells to replace an abnormal, disease-causing gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Genetics

A

the science of heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Genome

A

total of all DNA sequences in a cell or organism; in humans it consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs, divided into thousands of genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Genotype

Study These Flashcards
A

the alleles that are present in an organism for a trait, an organisms’ genetic makeup

22
Q

Heredity

Study These Flashcards
A

the passing of traits from parent to offspring

23
Q

Heterozygous

Study These Flashcards
A

having different pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics, for example (Aa); also called a hybrid

24
Q

Histone

Study These Flashcards
A

protein that DNA wraps around to form the chromosomes

25
Homozygous
having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics, for example homozygous dominant (AA) or homozygous recessive (aa)
26
Hybrid
offspring of a cross between two purebred parents
27
Incomplete dominance
the phenotype of the offspring is somewhere in between the phenotypes of both parents; a completely dominant allele does not occur, a red flower crossed with a white flower produces pink flowers
28
Karyotype
picture of a person's chromosomes, created by taking a picture of a dividing cell in the metaphase stage
29
Law of independent assortment
each pair of alleles segregates independently of one another during the formation of gametes
30
Linked genes
genes that are located on the same chromosome, so certain characteristics are innented together
31
Linkage map
shows the location of genes on a chromosome
32
Loci
plural term for position of a gene on a chromosome
33
Locus
position of a gene on a chromosome
34
Meiosis
the cell division process that creates egg and sperm cells (gametes)
35
Multiple alleles
genes that exist in three or more alleles in a population, for example blood types
36
Nondisjunction
failure of replicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes that are missing chromosomes or have extra chromosomes
37
P generation
'Parent generation - the first set of individuals crossed with one an other, the "parental" generation
38
Pedigree
a chart similar to a family tree, that shows how an inherited trait is passed through generations, squares represent males, circles represent females, shaded circle or square represents an individual that has a trait, and half shaded represents a carrier.
39
Phenotype
the observable traits of an individual, which are passed on from parent to offspring, such as height and eye color
40
Pollination
the transfer of pollen from the stamen (male) to the stigma (female) of flowers
41
Polygenic inheritance
characteristics that are controlled by more than one gene, and each gene may have two or more alleles, for example height and skin color in humans. The genes may be on the same chromosome or on non -homologous chromosomes.
42
Probability
likely outcome a given event will occur from random chance.
43
Punnet square
chart that allows you to determine the expected percentage of different genotypes in the offspring of two parents
44
Recessive allele
the genetic trait that only manifests itself (shows up) when two recessive alleles are present, represented by lowercase letters
45
Roan
color in animals that is an even mixture of white and another color such as red or black
46
Segregation
two factors (alleles) for a trait separate during gamete
47
Sex-linked genes
genes located on the sex chromosomes
48
Sex-linked traits
traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes (also called X-linked traits)
49
Traits
a characteristic or property of an organism, a genetically determined condition or characteristic (such as eye color)
50
Transgenic organism
an organism that expresses genes that were introduced from a different organism
51
X-linked genes
genes located on the X chromosomes
52
X-linked traits
traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes (also called sex-linked traits)

Biology Vocabulary (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions