Unit 8: The Endocrine System

Question 1

What are the components of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Glands, hormones, and endocrine tissues in various organs

Question 2

What are the glands?

Answer 2

Thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary gland

Question 3

Which organs have endocrine tissues?

Answer 3

The pancreas, testes, ovaries, kidneys and liver

Question 4

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 4

It releases and produces hormones to maintain and control a number of functions in the human body

Question 5

What do hormones control?

Answer 5

growth and development, mobilization of bodily defenses, maintaining chemical balances in the blood, regulation of the metabolism

Question 6

What is homeostasis?

Answer 6

It is the state of bodily equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body which is regulated by various bodily systems, notably the endocrine system

Question 7

How do hormones trigger a response in the body?

Answer 7

Hormones are steroidal or amino acid based molecules that are released into and carried in the blood stream, where they bind with specific receptor sites, and initiate specific responses.

Question 8

Where is the thyroid gland

Answer 8

Located in the neck

Question 9

What does the thyroid gland produce

Answer 9

Thyroid hormone, which regulates the bodies metabolic rate

Question 10

Where are the parathyroid glands?

Answer 10

They are located in the neck

Question 11

What do the parathyroid glands produce?

Answer 11

Parathyroid hormone, which controls bone formation and the excretion of phosphorus and calcium

Question 12

Where are the adrenal glands?

Answer 12

triangular shaped glands located on top of the kidneys

Question 13

What do the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 13

Epinephrine which stimulates the lungs blood vessels and
heart
Aldosterone, which regulates salt and water balance
Cortisol which regulates blood sugar levels, blood pressure, muscle strength and acts as an anti inflammatory

Question 14

Where is the pituitary?

Answer 14

Located at the base of the brain

Question 15

What does the pituitary gland produce?

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone, which causes the kidneys to retain water to help control blood pressure
growth hormone, which controls growth and development and protein development
Oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract and mammary glands to produce milk
Thyroid stimulating hormone, it stimulate the thyroid

Question 16

Where is the pancreas?

Answer 16

It is located in a cluster of cells called the islets of langerhans

Question 17

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 17

Insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels

Glucagon, which raises blood sugar levels

Question 18

What do the testes produce?

Answer 18

testosterone, which controls the development of male sexual characteristics and reproduction systems

Question 19

What do the ovaries produce?

Answer 19

Estrogen, which controls the development of female sex characteristics and reproduction systems
Progesterone, which prepares the lining of the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg. also it stimulates the mammary glands