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BPK 140 > Unit 8 - Weight management > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Weight management Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

what is not considered by body mass index

A

body composition and distribution of weight

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2
Q

what is the underweight classification

A

below 18.5 BMI

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3
Q

what is the normal range BMI

A

18.5 to 24.9

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4
Q

what is the overweight classification

A

25

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5
Q

what is the preobese classification

A

25 to 29.9

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6
Q

what is the obese class I classification

A

30 to 34.9

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7
Q

what is the obese class II classification

A

35 to 39.9

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8
Q

what is the obese class III classification

A

equal or above 40

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9
Q

how does obesity affect life expectancy

A

it reduces it by up to 14 years

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10
Q

what are the two types of body fat

A

essential fat and risky fat

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11
Q

what is essential fat for

A

reproductive capacity

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12
Q

what are the two types of risky fat

A

visceral or subcutaneous adipose

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13
Q

what does risky fat depend on

A

sex, age, diet, and activity

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14
Q

during digestion, what happens to carbohydrates

A

they are broken down in the small intestine into glucose, a simple sugar that enters the bloodstream

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15
Q

what triggers the release of insulin

A

the presence of glucose in the bloodstream

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16
Q

what is the BMI calculation

A

weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

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17
Q

what are different ways of evaluating body weight

A

height weight charts, hydrostatic weighing, skin fold measurements, circumference measurements, electrical impedance, and scanning methods

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18
Q

what determines your weight

A

energy balance

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19
Q

what are examples of energy intake

A

food, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and alcohol

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20
Q

what are examples of energy outputs

A

basal metabolism, thermogenesis, and physical activity

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21
Q

what is basal metabolic rate

A

the resting rate

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22
Q

what determines how much you eat?

A

hunger, appetite, and satiety

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23
Q

what influences hunger

A

more than 12 internal physiological signals

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24
Q

what influences appetite

A

sight, smell, and thought of food

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25
what is satiety
fullness
26
how can you promote satiety
eating voluminous foods, mixed nutrient meals, fibre-rich foods, and eating slowly
27
how long does it take for your brain to realize you are full
20 minutes
28
what are the effects of an obesogenic environment
it promotes the overconsumption of calories
29
what are the different areas of the foresight model
food consumption; food production; physiology; individual physical activity; environmental physical activity; individual psychology; and social psychology
30
what is the food consumption aspect describe
eating too many calories increases fat storage
31
what is the food production aspect
high calorie, unhealthy foods are often cheap and accessible
32
what is the physiology aspect
hormonal imbalances, genetics, and metabolic problems affect weight
33
what is the individual physical activity aspect
level of PA, and ability to exercise
34
what is the environmental physical activity aspect
the availability of bike paths, appropriate weather etc.
35
what is the individual psychology aspect
depression, anxiety, and addiction can contribute to weight
36
what is the social psychology aspect
friends and family can affect eating patterns
37
what are the dangers of obesity
stroke, heart disease, cancer, type II diabetes, high blood cholesterol, psychological disorders such as depression
38
what is the medical definition of the ideal weight
the weight at which one's health risk is lowest
39
what does crash dieting lead to
hormonal, metabolic, and psychological changes; increased appetite, fat storage, inability to maintain diet; weight gain, and weight dissatisfaction
40
what are the guidelines for sound weight control
sensible diet, change in eating habits, psychological modification, physical activity
41
what is self efficacy
belief in one's ability to change
42
what is the most important aspect of physical activity for weight reduction
duration, rather than intensity
43
what is a eating disorder
a serious disturbance of eating patterns of behaviours, characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight/fat
44
what are common features of eating disorders
dissatisfaction with body image and weight often due to distorted thinking, perfectionist beliefs, unreasonable demands for self-control, and excessive self-criticism
45
what is anorexia nervosa
someone does not eat enough to maintain adequate body weight
46
what is anorexia nervosa associated with
distorted body image, intense fear of weight gain, and purging/over exercising
47
what are the risks from anorexia nervosa
amenorrhea, intolerant to cold, low BP; CV, GI, endocrine and skeletal disorders
48
what is bulimia nervosa
episodic binge eating followed by purging
49
what are the risks from bulimia nervosa
erosion of toot enamel, damage to esophagus, stomach; dehydration, disturbed salt balance; kidney, liver, heat damage; depression
50
what is the difference between bulimia and binge eating disorder
binge eating does not involve compensation (vomiting)
51
what are the treatments for anorexia
averting crisis by resorting body weight; and addressing psychological aspects of disorder
52
what are the treatments for bulimia and binge eating
stabilizing eating patterns; identifying and changing behaviours that led to disordered eating; and improving coping skills
53
what is subcutaneous fat
located just beneath the skin and represents the normal physiological buffer for excess energy intake
54
what is visceral fat
fat embedded within the mesentery surrounding the abdominal organs
55
what is ectopic fat
located on or within organs such as liver, heart, and brain
56
what is hydrostatic weighing
a person is submerged and weighed under water, and the body fat is calculated from their density
57
what is skin fold measurements
measurements are taken at several sites on the body and plugged into formulas that calculate body fat percentages
58
what are circumference measures used for
to measure abdominal obesity
59
what is electrical impedance analysis
electrodes are attached to the body and harmless electrical current is transmitted from electrode to electrode
60
what is body image
the collective picture of the body as seen through the mind's eye, body image consists of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes and emotions
61
what characterizes negative body image
dissatisfaction with the body in general or some part of the body in particular
62
what does the female athlete triad consist of
three interrelated disorders, abnormal eating patterns, excessive exercising, followed by decreased bone density
63
what is body dysmorphic disorder
when body dissatisfaction becomes extreme
64
what is muscle dysmorphia
a disorder experienced by some bodybuilders in which they see themselves as small and out of shape despite being very muscular
65
what is otheroxia disorder
a disorder which involves being obsessed with healthy eating that it actually is damaging to their own health and well-being

BPK 140 (13 decks)

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