Unit 9

Question 1

When do relationships start being affected by social media?

Answer 1

At birth

Question 2

What does infancy and relationships around social media/phone look like?

Answer 2

(parents can be on phone - interaction btw babies and parents are most important part of development) - connect the baby to extended fam
-can use parents phone - bright colours

Question 3

What does early childhood and relationships around social media/phone look like?

Answer 3

• can share devices with people -co-view
• little interaction online w/ ppl but relational behaviour around the device
• tablet use is very high

Question 4

What does middle childhood and relationships around phone/social media look like?

Answer 4

• start to sign up for social media -transition to independence in online world
• but not using it much - mediated by parents
• disclose more
• parents teach them how to navigate online world
• texting & IM more frequent
• influenced by peers family, schools & their devices

Question 5

What do teens look like w/ relationships & phones/social media?

Answer 5

• increased exploration - larger world
• more about the social relationships
• feelings of connection
• disclosure online is important for developmental
• romance importance
• problem isn’t the tech but what is motivating us to use the tech

Question 6

What is one of the most popular reasons for using social media?

Answer 6

-connection with friends

Question 7

What are the benefits of Self Disclosure and what is it?

Answer 7

• sharing of personal or private info about oneself w/ trusted others
• increases intimacy
• helps develop social skills
• helps form one’s identity
• disclosure among friends (connection) can happen online

Question 8

What is the Social Compensation Hypothesis?

Answer 8

-social media use benefits certain people over face-to-face; less extroverted users able to connect more easily with others

Question 9

What is the Social Enhancement hypothesis?

Answer 9

• the rich get richer

- extroverted people are able to expand their large network of friends

Question 10

Which one is better - social compensation hypothesis or social enhancement hypothesis?

Answer 10

• it’s both
• but slightly more evidence for Social Enhancement (the rich get richer) - they can connect deeply w/ people - more likely to start a convo
• BUT more evidence for Social Compensation Hypothesis in LGBTQIA+ & shy individuals

Question 11

When does cyberbullying start? Peaks?

Answer 11

around age 8

-peaks at round age 13/14 and tapers off at 16/17

Question 12

What is the definition of cyberbullying?

Answer 12

-any behaviour performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicate hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm

Question 13

What is the criteria for cyberbullying & what is the difference between cyberbullying and traditional bullying?

Answer 13

1) via technology
2) repeated over time -*can mean sent to a lot of ppl or posted or comments
3) intention to harm

Question 14

What is the criteria for cyberbullying & what is the difference between cyberbullying and traditional bullying?

Answer 14

1) via technology
2) repeated over time -*can mean sent to a lot of ppl or posted or comments
3) intention to harm
(also diff includes traditional you can go home)

Question 15

How common is cyberbullying?

Answer 15

25% of adolescents under 18/19 have experienced a form of it

Question 16

Is cyberbullying worse than traditional cullying?

Answer 16

• yes

- traditional you can go home, but cyber is 24/7

Question 17

What can cyberbullying result in?

Answer 17

• poorer physical health, depression and anxiety, self harm

- can affect sleep which effects everything

Question 18

What is type of problem is cyberbullying?

Answer 18

• it’s a relationship problem

- not a technology problem

Question 19

What is cyber dating violence?

Answer 19

• intentional act that cuases physical or emotional harm to a dating partner o -occur online
• • see list

Question 20

What is cyber dating violence?

Answer 20

• intentional act that cuases physical or emotional harm to a dating partner o -occur online
• • see list
• intent really matters

Question 21

What is cyber dating violence?

Answer 21

• intentional act that causes physical or emotional harm to a dating partner o -occur online
• • see list
• intent really matters

Question 22

Summarize Pouwels

Answer 22

• social media & friendship closeness - between (comparing one person & another) & within (same individual) -
• 387 Dutch teens - 13-15yr olds 2021 - Experience Sampling Study - report 6 times/day for 3 wks Instagram & Whatsapp - slightly closer to their friends than snapchat or FB - Insta - reported greatest friendship closeness
• positive between w/ whatsapp & insta and close friends - but not within
• can have issue sif displacement or media multitasking
• maybe reason feel close is simulation hypothesis
• depends of w/ close friends for between
• limitations: -only ‘close’ friendships - not what was done on the platform - or in which way friendships were affected -didn’t study gender differences -

Question 23

Summarize Holfeld and Baitz

Answer 23

• school climate & internalizing cyber victimization - boys & girls -1151 students - aged 10-16 -most white (2013) -self-report - belongingness hypothesis - buffering hypothesis -girls more likely to experience c.b. - & internalize
• positive school climate intensified strength of association btw adolescent experiences of cyber victimization & internalization
• whether or not had peer support didn’t help if high level of cyber victimization
• limitations: - cross-sectional - less causal - traditional victimization not assessed -hard to measure school climate
• self-report