Unit 9

Question 1

Rule of Three (a human can live)

Answer 1

3 minutes without oxygen
3 days without water
3 weeks without food

Question 2

Longest lived without water

Answer 2

Andreas Mihavecz, Austrian brick layer, put in custody, locked in basement cell for 18 days, survived by licking condensed water from the walls

Question 3

Average person uses how many gallons of water per day?

Answer 3

100 gallons

Question 4

Most household water is used for outdoor/indoor purposes?

Answer 4

Outdoor

Question 5

As far as residential uses of water, what takes up the most water use?

Answer 5

Agriculture (meat production)

Question 6

Finished Water

Answer 6

Water that leaves the utility plant treated and read for use (drinking, showering)

Question 7

Difference between source water and surface water

Answer 7

Source water encompasses all bodies of water that can be used to supply fresh water for human use (rivers, streams lakes, aquifers)

Surface water is a specific type that exists on the Earth’s surface such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. It is one of the two main types of water sources, the other being groundwater found in aquifers. Surface water typically requires more filtration than ground water

Question 8

Aquifer

Answer 8

Layer or section of earth or rock that constrains freshwater, water is held in interconnected pores

Question 9

What is our aquifer?

Answer 9

Biscayne Aquifer, made out of limestone (an extremely. porous mineral)

Question 10

Problems for Groundwater

Answer 10

Can have substantial contamination from insects, macro-organisms, algae, pathogens, chemicals

Question 11

Nearly 50% of the world’s lakes in Canada

Answer 11

Freshwater lakes

Question 12

Lowest waterbody on Earth

Answer 12

The Dead Sea

Question 13

Explain fresh to salty process

Answer 13

Process of desalination (aimed to get freshwater from areas with abundant seawater)

Question 14

Glaciers and icecaps cover about _ % of the world’s landmass, contain _ % of the freshwater

Answer 14

10,70

Question 15

World’s largest wetland

Answer 15

West Siberian Lowland

Question 16

Lacustrine

Answer 16

Lake

Question 17

Palustrine

Answer 17

Marsh

Question 18

Approximately what percent of water is freshwater?

Answer 18

3%

Question 19

Four Stages of Water Treatment

Answer 19

1. Coagulation - removes suspended materials
2. Sedimentation - causes heavy particles to settle to bottom of tanks for collection
3. Filtration - removes smaller particles
4. Disinfection - kills bacteria or microorganisms

Question 20

What methods are used to remove pathogens from drinking water?

Answer 20

Filtration, disinfection, boiling, uv light, wetlands, reverse osmosis

Question 21

Enteric protozoal parasites

Answer 21

Single-celled Protozoa organisms that cause diseases range from asymptomatic infection to severe life-threatening diarrhea

Question 22

Bacterial enteropathogens

Answer 22

Bacteria that cause infections of the GI tract leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramping, and a general feeling of tiredness

Question 23

What type of disease is campylobacter?

Answer 23

Bacteria

Question 24

What type of disease is cryptosporidium?

Answer 24

Parasite

Question 25

What type of disease is e.coli?

Answer 25

Bacteria

Question 26

What type of disease is Hepatitis A?

Answer 26

Virus

Question 27

What type of disease is shigella?

Answer 27

Bacteria

Question 28

What type of disease is cholera?

Answer 28

Bacteria

Question 29

What type of disease is guinea worm?

Answer 29

Parasite

Question 30

What type of disease is legionnaires?

Answer 30

Bacteria

Question 31

How do you get campylobacter?

Answer 31

Eating raw or undercooked food, contact with animals, drinking untreated water

Question 32

Most common bacterial cause of diarrheal illness in the United States + frequency

Answer 32

Campylobacter, 20 cases diagnosed each year for every 100,000 people

Question 33

How does one acquire the disease of cryptosporidium?

Answer 33

Millions of Crypto parasites can be released in a bowel movement from an infected human or animal; you can become infected after accidentally swallowing the parasite

Question 34

What is good anti-diarrheal medicine?

Answer 34

Nitazoxanide

Question 35

What is a common food source that leads to e.coli?

Answer 35

Lettuce

Question 36

What disease does Hepatitis A cause?

Answer 36

Liver infection

Question 37

What is a defining symptom of Hepatitis A?

Answer 37

Jaundice

Question 38

Each year, an estimated ____ people get cholera

Answer 38

1.3 to 4 million

Question 39

Where do people get guinea worm from?

Answer 39

Transmitted by drinking unfiltered water from ponds and other stagnant surface water sources

Question 40

What treatments exist for guinea worm diseases?

Answer 40

No drug or vaccine

Question 41

How does Legionnaires spread?

Answer 41

It grows and multiplies in a building water system, so water containing can spread in droplets small enough for people to breathe in

Question 42

Where was Legionella discovered?

Answer 42

In 1976 among people who went to a Philadelphia convention of the American legion, 10k cases reported in 2018

Question 43

PPCPs

Answer 43

Pharmaceutical and personal care products are a source of water contamination

Question 44

DBPs

Answer 44

Water disinfection byproducts which are associated with THMs (which are among the most common and widely measured DBPs)

Question 45

Consequences of DBPs

Answer 45

Adverse pregnancy outcomes

Question 46

Chlorine is associated with _____

Answer 46

THMs