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AP Psychology > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Fertilized egg

A

Zyote

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2
Q

Developing human about 2 weeks after fertilization through the 2nd month; vulnerable to teratogens

A

Embryo

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3
Q

Developing human from 9 weeks after contraception to birth; organ systems mature

A

Fetus

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4
Q

Agents like viruses and chemicals that can reach the embryo of fetus during prenatal development and causes harm

A

Teratogens

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5
Q

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome

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6
Q

Decreases response after repeated stimulation

A

Habituation

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7
Q

Memories persist around 3 1/2- 4 years; can’t remember things before they were 4 years old

A

Infantile amnesia

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8
Q

Tendency to open mouth, and search to feed when touched on the cheek

A

Rooting reflex

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9
Q

Biological growth not influenced by experience

A

Maturation

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10
Q

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

A

Cognition

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11
Q

Concept or framework that organizes or interprets information

A

Schema

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12
Q

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

A

Assimilation

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13
Q

Adapting to our current understandings to incorporate new info

A

Accommodation

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14
Q

Infants know the world in terms of sensory impressions and motor activites

A

Sensorimotor stage

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15
Q

How long does the sensorimotor stage last?

A

Birth-2 years

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16
Q

Awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

A

Object permanence

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17
Q

Child learns language but doesn’t comprehend mental operations of concrete logic

A

Preoperational stage

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18
Q

How long does the preoperational stage last?

A

3-7 years old

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19
Q

Mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in form of objects

A

Conservation

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20
Q

Preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

Egocentrism

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21
Q

People’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states

A

Theory of mind

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22
Q

Children gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

A

Concrete operational stage

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23
Q

How long is the concrete operational stage?

A

7-11 year olds

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24
Q

People begin to think about abstract events

A

Formal operational stage

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25
How long is the formal operational stage?
12-adulthood
26
Communication deficiencies and repetitive behavior disorder
Autism
27
Studied child development
Jean Piaget
28
Found out that children become capable of thinking in words and of using words to work out solutions to problems
Lev Vygotsky
29
Fear of strangers infants display at 8 months
Stranger anxiety
30
Emotional tie with another person
Attachment
31
Optimal period when and organism's exposure to experience or stimuli produces proper development
Critical period
32
Certain animals form attachments during a critical period early in life
Imprinting
33
Person's characteristic emotion reactivity and intensity
Temperament
34
Sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
Basic trust
35
Studied attachment differences by observing mother-infant pairs
Mary Ainsworth
36
Studied attachment of people by using monkeys
Harry Harlow
37
Studied imprinting
Konrad Lorenz
38
Understanding and assessment of who they are
Self-concept
39
Parents impose rules and expect obedience
Authoritarian
40
Parents submit to their children's desires; few demands and little punishment
Permissive
41
Parents are both demanding and responsive. Exert control by setting rules and enforcing them and encourage open discussion
Authoritative
42
Researched parenting styles
Diana Baumrind
43
Acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
Gender typing
44
We learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being awarded or punished
Social learning Theory
45
Biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
Gender
46
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
Aggression
47
Stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and development of male characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
48
Set of norms about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave
Role
49
Set of expected behaviors in males and females
Gender roles
50
Sense of being male or female
Gender identity
51
Believes that females tend to differ from males both in being less concerned wit themselves as separate individuals and in being more concerned with making connections
Carol Gilligan
52
Transition period from childhood to adulthood
Adolesence
53
Period of sexual maturation
Puberty
54
Woman's first menstrual period
Menarche
55
Body structures (testes, ovaries) that make reproduction possible
Primary sex characteristics
56
Nonreproductive sexual characteristics
Secondary sex characteristics
57
Believed that adolescence was a transition between maturity and social dependence creates a period of storm and stress
G. Stanley Hall
58
What are the 3 levels of moral reasoning?
Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
59
Morality focuses on self interest; obey to avoid punishment
Preconventional
60
Focuses on caring for others and uphold laws because they are rules
Conventional
61
Think of ethical issues, abstract thinking
Postconventional
62
Researched moral reasoning
Lawrence Kohlberg
63
Believed that each stage of life has its own psychological task
Erik Erikson
64
Our sense of self
Identity
65
The "we" aspect of our self-concept
Social identity
66
Ability to form close, loving relationships
Intimacy
67
Period from the late teens to mid twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence to full independence and responsible adulthood
Emerging adulthood
68
Time of natural cessation of menstruation, ability for females to reproduce declines
Menopause
69
Accumulated knowledge and skills
Crystallized intelligience
70
Ability to reason readily and abstractly
Fluid intelligience
71
People at different ages are compared to one another
Cross-sectional study
72
Same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time
Longitudinal study
73
Culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, retirement
Social clock
74
If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
Trust vs mistrust; infancy
75
Toddlers learn to exercise their will to do and do things for themselves, or doubt their abilities
Autonomy vs shame and doubt; toddlerhood
76
Learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or feel guilty about their efforts to be independent
Initiative vs guilt; preschool
77
Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior
Industry vs inferiority; Elementary school
78
Work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are
Identity vs role confusion; Adolescence
79
Struggle to form close relationships and gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated
Intimacy vs isolation; young adulthood
80
People discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through, family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose
Generativity vs stagnation; middle adulthood
81
Reflecting on his or her life, may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure
Integrity vs despair; late adulthood
82
What operational stage has object permanence?
Preoperational
83
What stage involves conservation?
Concrete

AP Psychology (19 decks)

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